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Item Crescimento inicial de teca e produtividade de soja sob diferentes adubações em sistema agrossilvicultural(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-11) Abreu, Sandro Alex Helrigel; Calil, Francine Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2520537051838618; Calil, Francine Neves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2520537051838618; Pires, Patrícia Pereira; Chagas, Matheus PeresThe Agroforestry Systems (SAF’s) are models of agricultural exploration that using forest species intercropped with agricultural crops and/or forage with or without animal presence. They have been widely disseminated therefore contribute to the sustainability of the agriculture. This study was developed from an experiment conducted in agrossilvicultural system during the period 2013-2015, the Federal University of Goiás, city of Goiania, GO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical properties of soil, development and productivity of plant components in system integration (Teca and soybean), using different fertilization soil and cropping systems. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, in arrangement factorial 4 x 2, consists of four types of fertilization: no application (control); mineral fertilization; application of cattle manure and application of sewage sludge in two cropping systems: single Teca and Teca intercropped with soybeans. The chemical properties of the soil were favored by the application of sewage sludge. There not increase in levels of heavy metals in soil by use of organic waste. The productivity of soybean fertilized with sewage sludge did not differ of the mineral fertilizer, being higher other fertilization. The initial performance of Teca in single cropping was favored by the application of both organic waste. However, when intercropped with soybean, sewage sludge application resulted in higher values of height and diameter at breast height (DBH). The canopy of the tree component of the system was not influenced by the type of fertilizer used, keeping constant the light rate in the different fertilization. The use of sewage sludge is favorable both for the initial development of Teca as plants for soybean yield, being recommended in agrossilviculturals systems.Item Influência de variáveis macroclimáticas sobre as principais doenças do arroz(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-03) Aguiar, Jordene Teixeira de; Lobo Junior, Murillo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3352833548668460; Lobo Junior, Murillo; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan; Castro, Adriano Pereira deThe influence of climatic variables on rice diseases was assessed in Brazil. Firstly, it was necessary to validate climate data from remote sensoring, retrieved from NASA’s database Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER). POWER data were compared to climate records of surface stations from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Climate data consisted of a time series (2004-2014) of monthly average temperatures and rainfall. Validation tests were carried out with Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and adjustment of linear regression models between the satellite data and surface stations. Further, data accuracy was checked according to average absolute error, root mean square deviation and concordance index. Monthly rainfall from most regions satisfactory correlated with Pearson coefficients between 0.75 and 0.95 (P<0.05). In contrast, maximum and minimum temperatures recorded by satellites showed irregular results that vary by region. In these cases, remote sensing did not detect extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall or drought. Monthly rainfall comparisons also showed the most consistent results for all regions in accuracy tests. The endorsed data supported the next stage of this work, regarding the effects of climate variables on rice diseases. This investigation counted on a historical series of disease severities recorded in field tests, carried out between 1983 and 2014. Climatic data from INMET, EMBRAPA and NASA/POWER was arranged in a matrix of environmental variables, and tested for correspondence with disease severities recorded in 15 sites for at least eight years. Redundant climate variables were eliminated by principal component analysis. With structured data disposed in two datasets of climate (explanatory variables) and disease severity and productivity (response variables), canonical correlation analysis was performed (CCA) by location and by regions. The influence of climate on disease severity was demonstrated in only five sites, according to CCA models significant at 5%, with their first two axes explaining over than 50% of explanatory variables. In such sites, the total variation in disease severity was partially explained by climate variables. In the regional approach, climate variables did not significantly influence rice diseases in the North Region. Nevertheless, significant models demonstrated the correlation between climatic variables and disease in the Center-West and Northeast, despite the small percentage of explanation by the first two axes. In general, higher disease severity was related to rainfall and lower minimum temperatures during the reproductive stage of rice plots. In all cases, yield was not related to environmental variables.Item Manejo do mofo branco (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum L.) em tomateiro industrial(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-08-30) AGUIAR, Renata Alves de; CUNHA, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742Brazil ranks ninth in the world production of tomato (Solanum esculentum L.), while much of this production is destined for processing industries. The added value obtained with the fruit processing endorses this species as the vegetable with the greatest economic importance in the Cerrado region of Brazil, where the State of Goiás stands out as the largest producer. Despite the favorable soil and climatic conditions, several factors have hindered its production, especially diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, which had increased their importance with the adoption of intensive production systems. Among them, white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary has caused serious problems in infested soils, under mild temperatures and high humidity. Concerning the large number of S. sclerotiorum hosts and the lack of resistant hybrids, chemical control has been chosen as the most common method for disease management, despite not always efficient, due to the difficulties to reach the pathogen s resistance structures in the soil. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the disease escape on different tomato hybrids, to compare the effectiveness of synthetic fungicides mixed or not to potassium silicate; evaluate the biological control of white mold, with different commercial products based on Trichoderma spp. associated or not to a synthetic fungicide, and to evaluate the biological control with or without chemical fungicides, applied through chemigation. Tests were carried out in soil of medium texture at Unilever experimental farm, in Goiânia (GO), from 2008 to 2010. The experimental area was previously infested with sclerotia of the pathogen, obtained in pre-cleaning wastes of soybean. Drip irrigation was used in all tests, which had 4 plants m-1 with 1.5 meters between rows. The hybrids used in the disease escape tests were: U232, U2006 (Unilever), H9992, H7155 (Heinz), N877 (Nunhems) and H108 (Hypeel). In all other essays, Heinz 9780 was the chosen hybrid. All experiments were conducted under randomized blocks design with three replications, and had weekly assessments of disease incidence to estimate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). We also evaluated the productivity and its components, as well as acidity, soluble solids content and industrial yield. The results were submitted to ANOVA and to the Scott Knott or Tukey tests at 5%, using the statistical program Sisvar. It was shown that: Hybrids H9992 and Hp108 had lower AUDPCs, suggesting a partial escape to white mold and that hybrid choice can be added to the disease management cultural practices, despite there was no difference on their yield. In 2008, under higher disease pressure, potassium silicate in plots without fungicide application showed disease incidence, AUDPC, productivity and industrial yield equivalent to treatments with fluazinam and procymidone, and superior to results with benzalkonium chloride. There was no difference between treatments with Trichoderma spp. associated or not to fluazinam, in any of the assessed traits. Regarding industrial yield, there was an interaction between Trichoderma, fluazinam and years, with higher pulp yield under higher disease incidence and fluazinam sprayed alone. It was found that biological control with Trichoderma spp. via chemigation as a single measure or in mixture with the synthetic fungicides procymidone fluazinam reduced the AUDPC and increased the productivity of processing tomatoes in 25 tons on average, compared to the control. Therefore, this study showed new options for the integrated management of white mold in processing tomatoes.Item Efeito do manejo do solo com plantas de cobertura, cultivares/híbridos e nitrogênio na cultura do milho(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-26) AGUIAR, Renata Alves de; SILVEIRA, Pedro Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242408931816325The corn is the main cereal produced in Brazil and its productivity is very affected by the improper use of nitrogen, which is the nutrient absorbed in larger quantities and therefore responsible for a significant share in production costs. Due to the importance of nitrogen for the corn crop becomes necessary studies to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied to the crop, reducing losses and increasing the efficiency of its use, beside minimize environmental risks. One way have been studied to reduce the amount of nitrogen applied and increase the efficiency of use of inorganic nitrogen, from the fertilizer, it is the combination of plants that cover the ground with nitrogened fertilizer. The study aimed to determine the economic viability and the effect of soil management with the use of soil cover plants, hybrids and nitrogen doses in coverage in the vegetative and reproductive characteristics, related to productivity of corn. The corn, in the experiment, was planted at begning of February in the field trial of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Red Latosol Distrophic. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates the arrangement of plots in sub-sub-divided. The plots were formed by four types of soil management: direct planting of corn on the black mucuna stubble (Mucuna aterrima Merr.); direct planting of corn on the of crotalária juncea stubble (Crotalaria juncea L.); direct planting of corn on vegetation spontaneous (aside) and planting corn in the system of conventional tillage (arado of aiveca). The subplots were formed by five doses of nitrogen in coverage: 0, 45, 90, 180 and 360 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in coverage, and the sub-sub-plots of four hybrids of corn: BRS 3003, AG 1051, Green Corn HT-1, HT-2 Green Corn. The analysis of the benefit / cost was performed on the basis of prices of materials and services raised in April 2007. The benefit / cost in the various systems was held in the Excel spreadsheets, and economically viable a relationship exceeding 1.0. It was concluded that: there is effect of hybrid and soil management on vegetative characteristics such as plant height and the first spik and on productive characteristics as income from pulp and grain and mass in a thousand grains of corn, and there is no interaction between hybrid, soil management and dose of nitrogen in coverage of the productivity of corn. The best soil management as the benefit / cost is the fallow without any addition of nitrogen in coverage, followed by the system of conventional tillage with 45 kg ha-1 and without the addition of nitrogen.Item Ocorrência de nematoides na cultura da banana no estado de Goiás e sua correlação com o mal-do-Panamá e com fatores edáficos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-22) Almeida, Nayane Oliveira; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Teramoto, Adriana; Lobo Júnior, Murillo; Rocha, Mara Rúbia daThe problems caused by nematodes and by the Panama disease on banana plantations are responsible for production losses and limiting to its cultivation. In the state of Goiás there is few information about the nematode genus that affect this crop, and its relationship with the incidence of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). This research aimed to survey the occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes, the incidence of Foc and soil attributes, and determine if there is a correlation among these factors. In January 2015, twelve banana producing regions in the state of Goiás were sampled: Anápolis, Caiapônia, Goiatuba, Itaguaru, Itumbiara (two areas), Jataí, Morrinhos, Ouro Verde, Palestina, Taquaral and Uruana. All sampled areas, except Morrinhos, revealed contamination with Foc, and all had different genus of nematodes. Meloidogyne sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Rotylenchus sp. were the main genus of plant parasitic nematodes present in the banana plantations, with Meloidogyne sp. and Rotylenchus sp. the most dominant and abundant genus. We found that Pratylenchus sp. increases the population levels of F. oxysporum and that Helicotylenchus sp. has been affected by the concentration of P, Ca, Mn and the soil pH.Item Adição de pó de aciaria como fonte de micronutrientes e diferentes níveis de calagem em solos de cerrados cultivados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) Alves Filho, Anibal Sebastião; Dornelles, Milton Sergio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601151044965568; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Ximenes, Paulo Alcanfor; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Barros, Rosana Gonçalves; Menezes, Luiz Antônio Silva; Leandro, Wilson MozenaThe savannas reached prominence in the development of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and processing tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), Depending on the economic and social importance of these crops. The problems of acid soils and nutrient deficiency in the savannas are common in most soils, but once overcome these obstacles, the cultures exhibit satisfactory development and production. Increasingly it becomes necessary, by the dynamism that modern agriculture provides that alternative mechanisms of replenishment of nutrients to the soil are offered, due to the high cost of fertilizer and high extraction of these elements in each cycle of crops. The use of industrial waste from various sources has shown potential for agricultural use, for purposes of correction of acidosis, addition of macro and micronutrients to the soil or even physical conditioning of the soil, always under careful criteria used to avoiding the environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the electric arc furnace dust coming from the steel industry as a source of micronutrients in crops of corn, soybean and tomato at different levels of liming. The tests were conducted in two locations. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, in Goiânia-GO, Brazil and other, in a greenhouse at Palmital Farm, municipality of Urutaí-GO, in campus of the Instituto Federal Goiano. During three years, were evaluated in Goiânia-GO, the use of steelmaking dust in corn in rotation with soybean and, in Urutaí-GO, for seven months, the tomato crop in succession with soybeans. The results in both experiments indicated that the levels of heavy metals detected in soil and leaves of the plants analyzed were below the limits considered toxic.Item Efeito da poda e da cobertura do solo no crescimento e produção da figueira cv. Roxo de Valinhos, em Goiânia, GO(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-06-06) Alves, Elizete Rodrigues; Meneguci, João Luiz Palma; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5017133081301003; Silva, Natan Fontoura da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3473956896381897; Silva, Natan Fontoura da; Meneguci, João Luiz Palma; Neves, Ronaldo VelosoAmong the fruit trees options to the region, it comes the fig tree culture (Ficus carica L.) which has an easy adaptation, comparing to other fruit trees, it shows a great option because of the possibility to have not only unripe figs to industry, but also good conditions to the ripe figs to be consumed in natura. Goias fig tree cultivation is an unknown activity, despite of fig being widely used as in natura and industrialized. The most of the fig consumed in Goiás and Distrito Federal is imported from São Paulo or Rio Grande do Sul, which becomes the product expensive due to the transportation taxes. Moreover, one is about a highly perishable product. With the objective then to evaluate the behavior of the culture of the fig in the conditions of Goiânia. verifying the effect of the type of distribution of the covering deceased in the ground, of the amount of branches left after the pruning, in the vegetative development and the production of figs and on the basis of to define the length of the foliar limb, a half not-destructive fast and esteem, through mathematical model, the foliar area of the fig in the field conditions. The work was developed EMBRAPA in Goiânia-GO. Had been evaluated 100 plants of fig and in as the 60. In the first experiment the plants had been submitted the three treatments in the parcel: covering deceased in the base of the plant, covering deceased in the plantation line and covering deceased in total area. In subparcelas to the treatments the pruning had been the amount of branches left after: 12, 18 and 24 branches. In as the experiment the pruning was evaluated the amount of branches left after that had been: 24, 36 and 48 branches. Also three mathematical models for the determination of the foliar area had been evaluated. The plants submitted to the treatments with covering deceased in the base of a plant and covering in the plantation line, had had one better vegetative development (leaf diameter, length and number) in relation to the treatment with covering deceased in area total. Amount of branches left after the pruning influenced in the amount of leves for plant, the more left branches bigger were the amount of leves. The length and the diameter of the branches had not been influenced by the amount of branches left after the pruning. The use of mathematical model, using the linear measures of fig leves if showed efficient in the determination of the leaf area.Item Histologia, bioquímica e herança da resistência do genótipo de algodoeiro TX25 a Meloidogyne incognita, raça 3(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-01-31) Alves, Gleina Costa Silva; Carneiro, Regina Maria Dechechi Gomes; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Teramoto, Adriana; Furlanetto, Cleber; Duarte, João Batista; Barroso, Paulo Augusto Vianna; Rocha, Mara Rúbia daMeloidogyne incognita race 3 is a limiting factor for cotton crop, and the genetic resistance is one of the most desirable control measures for being environmentally and economically suitable. The objective of this research was to study the resistance inheritance of cotton genotype TX 25 to M. incognita race 3 and identify the resistance mechanism. Two experiments for phenotyping were conducted under greenhouse conditions, using two parental genotypes (susceptible FM 966 and resistant TX 25), backcross, generation F1 and generation F2. The plants were maintained for 120 days after inoculation (DAI). Plants were evaluated for gall index, egg mass index and reproduction factor. Histopathological study was conducted and the root systems evaluated at 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 16, 18, 21 , 23, 29, 34 and 45 DAI. The roots werestained with acid fuscin to assess the nematode penetration. Rootlet cuts were made to observe the changes caused by the presence of the nematode in the root system of susceptible and resistant cotton cultivar. Biochemical tests were also conducted with the two parental genotypes. In this essay, the plants were kept in the greenhouse and inoculated with eggs and J2 of M. incognita. Assessments occurred at eight, 24 and 35 days after inoculation. The genotypes were compared biochemically as to total phenols, flavonoids, liquid chromatography and magnetic resonance imaging. The genotype TX 25 showed resistance to M. incognita race 3 when attacked by the nematode with the plants producing a hypersensitivity reaction. The crosses derived from TX 25 and FM 966 showed olygogenic resistance. TX 25 also shows glycosylated flavonoids and sugars that provide resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 3.Item Resposta do crambe (Crambe abyssinica) a calagem e adubação mineral em solos de cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-22) Alves, José Milton; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Damin, Virgínia; Cunha, Patrícia Pinheiro da; Souchie, Edson Luiz; Jacob Neto, Jorge; Leandro, Wilson MozenaThere are no specific recommendations for the culture of crambe over fertilization with macro and micronutrients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of base saturation and mineral fertilization on crop crambe. Experiments were set in two growing seasons. In the first year were montadsos experiments in pots in the greenhouse and in the year 2010 which evaluated independently, the effect of doses of (N, P, Zn and B). The doses evaluated in mg kg-1 of soil were: N (control, 20, 40 and 80), P (control, 20, 40 and 80), Zn (control, 1, 2, and 4), B (control, 0.5, 1, and 2.) We evaluated the following parameters: root dry weight per plant, shoot dry mass per plant, grain yield per plant and oil content of the grain. In the year 2011, which was the second year of cultivation, were assembled in three experiments to evaluate field conditions, in isolation, in a factorial design the effect of raising the base saturation and nitrogen levels, base saturation and doses Phosphorus and base saturation and potassium levels in the culture of crambe. Each of these experiments was formed by a factorial design (4x3) with 4 replicates totaling 48 installments, the common witness to all nutrients. In each experiment, four levels of saturation and three levels of each mineral fertilizers. The base saturation levels were: (34 - natural soil, 40, 50 and 60%). The mineral fertilizers were evaluated: a) Nitrogen - 1 = control, 2 = 40 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 3 = 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen, b) Phosphorus - 1 = control, 2 = 40 kg ha-1 P2O5, 3 = 80 kg ha-1 P2O5, c) potassium - 1 = control, 2 = 40 kg ha-1 of K2O, 3 = 80 kg ha-1 of K2O. The experimental plots were formed by a rectangle of 9 m2 with 5 lines of planting spacing of 0.45 m between them. The planting was held using the cultivar 'Bright FMS ". The results obtained in greenhouse experiments showed that the addition of nitrogen increased linearly all measured parameters. The addition of phosphorus levels increased linearly the development of root, shoot and grain production. Addition of zinc doses increased linearly shoot growth and grain yield. The addition of boron doses quadratically influenced the development of the root system. The experiments in the field showed that the addition of nitrogen increased the dry weight of roots and shoots, productivity and no influence on oil content. The phosphorus levels significantly increased all parameters evaluated. Potassium significantly increased all parameters except the oil content. The base saturation influenced all parameters in a linear or quadratic.Item Distribuição espacial do percevejo-do-colmo (Tibraca limbativentris Stål) em arroz irrigado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-11-09) ALVES, Tavvs Micael; BARRIGOSSI, José Alexandre Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5377957113836597The injury imposed by Tibraca limbativentris Stål in plants of rice can negatively affect the production and reduce grain yield. Knowing the spatial arrangement of this species allows fast and accurate sampling and identifies focuses of infestation determining the ideal moment of decision-making for the control. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and probabilistic distribution of adults and nymphs of T. limbativentris in irrigated rice. Fifteen fields with plants of 50-80 days after emergency were sampled on approximately regular grids in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Poisson and Negative binomial distributions were tested and Pearson chi-squared test was used to determine a probability distribution with the best fit. Polynomial regressions of the number of individuals versus geographical coordinates were used to try detecting trends related with macroscale. Later, semivariograms were used to interpret the spatial dependence and distribution of insects. The semivariance of the samples obtained with nymphs showed patterns grouped in 13% of fields sampled. Similar pattern was also obtained by semivariograms of adults in 26% of fields sampled. However, there were no spatial dependence in the most of the sampled fields with adults (74%) and nymphs (87%). In conclusion, adults and nymphs of T. limbativentris are randomly distributed in irrigated rice fields, though rarely clustered pattern can occur. The probability distribution that best fits the data sampling is the Negative binomial. Adults and nymphs do not inhabit the same local in the rice field. Population levels above the value of economic damage may occur, but individuals are not present in about 2/3 of the units sampled. Polynomial regression models tested are not appropriate to fit the trends related to macro-scale in irrigated rice fields.Item Dinâmica de potássio no sistema solo-planta em cana-soca sob condições edafoclimáticas de cerrado(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-26) Andrade, Aline Franciel de; Casaroli, Derblai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1054839770814863; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Flores, Rilner Alves; Damin, Virgínia; Machado, Roriz LucianoThe sugarcane crop stands out as the most used renewable energy source in Brazil presenting high yields and good adaptation to Brazilian soil and climate conditions. Due to the high biomass production, the nutrient uptake from soil is also high. Among them, Potassium (K) has important functions related to the physiological processes in plant tissues, being the most extracted nutrient by sugarcane crop. Due to low natural K contents in tropical soils, it is necessary to complement it with fertilizer applications in order to meet the crop demands and achieve high yields. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of potassium in the soil-plant system during the first sugarcane ratoon period as a function of potassium nutrition under the Cerrado of Goias edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Goiasa Plant, in Bom Jesus de Goiás, GO, during the 2017/18 season, in a dystrophic RED LATOSOL, clayey texture (440 g clay kg-1), using the variety IAC 91-1099. Treatments consisted of five K2O rates, (0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg K2O ha-1), with five replicates. We evaluated: the climatic water balance for the area; the soil (up to 0.8 m) and plant K content (leaf and stem); biometric variables (plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers and leaf area); physiological variables (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and relative chlorophyll index); stem yield and technological quality. Also, decomposition rate and K release by the sugarcane straw as well as K balance in the soil-plant system were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and polynomial regression analysis was performed for the significant variables. The increase in Potassium fertilizer rate intensified the movement of the K+ ion in soil to the depth of 0.80 m with a 55% increase in K content between the control treatment and the 200 kg K2O ha-1 rate, in an evaluation performed at 180 days after sprouting, and a 20% increase at the end of the experiment. Sugarcane straw provided 79.25 kg K ha-1 to the soil, requiring approximately 70 days so 50% of this total would be available. There was a reduction of about 49.03% in straw production over 300 days, requiring 345 days so half of this material would decompose. K balance in the soil-plant system, for the annual application of 150 kg K2O ha-1 resulted in soil K balance of 133.22 kg ha-1 year-1, being the treatment that most contributed to increase soil K contents. Although the K rates in this experiment did not influence sugarcane growth, they presented a significant effect on physiological variables such as transpiration and photosynthesis. The higher K input in the soil as a function of the treatments did not result in differences in stem yield, however, when thinking about the sustainability of the productive system for sugarcane crops, the 150 kg K2O ha-1 rate increased soil K contents.Item Reação de genótipos de soja ao mofo branco(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-06-19) Andrade, Gabriela Carolina Guimarães; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2006008625763742; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Carrer Filho, Renato; Garcia, Riccely Ávila; Silva, Adélia Cristina Fernandes; Ferreira, Maria AlvesWhite Mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungi, is, currently, one of the most important diseases of soybean, causing considerable economic losses and is of difficult control. The Fungi has more than 400 host species, including crops of agronomical importance as soybean, common beans and sunflower. The dissemination is mainly accomplished by infected seeds or by the presence of sclerotium. Genetic resistance is the most effective of plant disease control but is not well known about the soybean varieties resistance in Brazil and the current inoculation methods do not always have good correlation with field data. The main goals of this study were the evaluation of the resistance of soybean genotypes in two environments, Barreira – BA and Jatai – GO, correlate the rainfall with the variables analyzed, test two different methods, one in the greenhouse using tooth pick and other in the laboratory using oxalic acid, as well as correlate the data from the experiments in the fields with the greenhouse and the sensibility to the oxalic acid. According to the data analyzed, there are differences between genotypes of soybean in respect to the resistance of white mold. Early genotypes and more resistant to lodging were more resistant to white mold, but showing variations in the results. There was interaction between environment and soybean genotypes. The environment influenced meaningfully the occurrence of the disease in the tested genotypes, where in the severity correlate negatively and meaningfully with yield, in other words, the bigger the severity, the less the yield. The genotypes ANTA82, 2011L003 and 2011L005 had higher yields and were genetically more resistant to the disease. In respect to the methods used for the selection of resistant genotypes to white mold, it was seen that the oxalic acid method is an alternative for selection of resistant genotypes, since the variability of the pathogen is not considered, using the physiological traits of the genotypes. The experiments in the greenhouse are not correlated to the experiments in the field, due to the difficulty of reproducing equal symptoms that normally occur in the field. However, the method of the oxalic acid was shown to be reliable to be used in the phenotype of soybean cultivars but methodology adjusts should be done in future tests.Item Nodulação de cultivares de feijoeiro-comum influenciada por diferentes ciclos de crescimento(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-17) Andraus, Michel de Paula; Damin, Virgínia; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6292879655540619; Ferreira, Enderson Petrônio de Brito; Correchel, Vladia; Faria, Luis Cláudio deCompared to other producing grain legumes, the common bean has short cycle, with high demand for nitrogen (N), which is the most mined and exported element by crops. N is a scarce element in tropical soils and the main sources, nitrate and ammonia, which may be available to the plant, are obtained from the decomposition of soil organic matter, mineral fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) held by pulses nodulating bacteria. This study aimed to identify characteristics related to FBN in common bean cultivars with different growth cycles, which reflect in higher productivity. The experiments were conducted under field conditions for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) in the winter crop, in the experimental area of Embrapa Rice and Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás. In both experiments installed in nearby areas were used as treatments 22 cultivars of common bean, two of the early growth cycle, eight semi-early growth cycle, ten normal cycle and two late- cycle treated with inoculant prepared in the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Embrapa Rice and Beans, compound by strains of Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088) recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply as inoculants for the common bean cultivation. The design was randomized blocks . In the first year the collections were performed from V4 to R8 stage and were assessed at each stage the number, activity and dry weight of nodules, leaf area, dry weight and total nitrogen of aerial part (the R6 stage only), grain yield and its components (R9 stage) . In the second experiment the same evaluations were made, but only in R6 and R7 stages. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by Skott-Knott test at 5% probability, graphs of Pearson correlation between variables were developed. The percentage of active nodules, leaf area, aerial part dry mass and total nitrogen were affected by cultivars. The number of nodules and dry weight of nodules were not affected. In stages of flowering and pod yield, nodule number, leaf area and dry weight of shoots were influenced by cultivars. The dry mass of nodules in flowering stage was influenced by the growth cycles and the regular and late cycles showed higher values. Grain yield was affected by cycles of cultivars and in the first experiment, early cultivars showed lower values than the other. Normal and late cycle cultivars arrived to total senescence of nodules on the phenological stage R7, while the early and semi-early cycles arrived to senescence of nodules in the R8 phase, however, there was minimal difference in days without active nodules between these.Item Produção de mudas de espécies florestais inoculadas em dois tipos de recipientes(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-17) Andraus, Michel de Paula; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Calil, Francine Neves; Cunha, Ananda Helena Nunes; Sousa, Ricardo Fernandes deNowadays there is an increasing environmental pressure, which causes industries to develop new alternatives for the destination of residues generated by industrial processes. The costs of construction and maintenance of industrial landfills and the environmental risks that are involved in this process have aroused the interest of several industries in studying the feasibility of residues application in agriculture. One of the alternatives for agroindustrial residues is the substrate for seedlings. In view of the above, it is verified that the use of containers of agroindustrial residues pressed together with the inoculation of rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi can bring numerous benefits to the production of forest seedlings and also to the environment. However, the association of these practices has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotechnical aspects of three forest species when cultivated in pressed blocks, composed of different proportions of agroindustrial residues and convenctional plastic tubes, and the effect of inoculation with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi on these seedlings. For that, an experiment was carried out in which four compounds with different ratios of sugarcane bagasse, filter cake, coconut fiber and aviary waste were made. In the pressed blocks of the selected composted substrate were planted seeds of Acacia manigium, Sesbania virgata and Eucalyptus grandis. The first two species were inoculated with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi specific for each species, and eucalyptus only with mycorrhizal fungi. At 70 days after sowing, mycorrhizal colonization, nodulation, phytotechnical and nutritional parameters were evaluated. And the data were submitted to analysis of variance and test of comparison of means. It was verified that the pressed blocks of agroindustrial residues do not provide better development of seedlings of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis in relation to the conventional tube. Inoculation with rhizobia, alone or associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the seedling production phase, provides better development of the Acacia mangium species. The seedlings of Sesbânia presented better development with the system of production of seedlings in pressed blocks, made with agroindustrial residues. It could be observed that the response to the use of the pressed blocks depends on the species that will be used.Item Modelagem matemática da variação espaço-temporal da temperatura média diária e do ciclo do algodoeiro herbáceo no Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-08-14) ANTONINI, Jorge Cesar dos Anjos; OLIVEIRA, Virlei Alvaro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0739376049142731; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5499109407814908; GRIEBELER, Nori Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2953067359172793The regional climatic conditions in the State of Goias Brazil are favorable for herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium hutch) cultivation. However, for achieving the best productivities, it is important that both the planting date and the fruiting period be matched with the adequate soil-water availability as well as that the period from open bull to harvesting be coincident with the dry period. Thus, the knowledge of cotton cycle as function of planting location is very important for choosing the optimum planting date. In this context, the air temperature is one of the climatic variables that mostly influence the cotton growth. Nevertheless, the low density of meteorological stations with capability for measuring temperature has restricted the modeling studies for estimating cotton cycle. This work was carried out with the objective of developing and validating mathematical models to estimate average daily air temperature and based on the degreesday theory, the cycle of herbaceous cotton in the State of Goias, considering altogether its variations in space and time. Both models were based on a linear combination of elevation, latitude, longitude, and the daily time variation, represented by an incomplete Fourier series. The parameter models were adjusted to the data from 21 meteorological stations available in the State of Goiás and Federal District of Brazil, using multiple linear regressions with observations varying from eight to twenty four years. In the case of modeling degrees-day, the maximum and minimum temperature data were limited between 15°C and 40°C, which were taken as the lower and upper threshold temperatures, respectively. The air-temperature model was validated against the measured data from three meteorological stations from different elevations: high (1100 m), medium (554 m) and low (431 m). The coefficients of determination obtained from fitting the models for both daily air-temperature and daily degrees-day were 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, resulting in a medium performance for both low and high altitudes and very good for intermediate altitudes. The validation of the degrees-day model was conducted by comparing the period duration running from crop emergence to 90% open bulls observed from cotton cultivars, cropped in commercial fields. The results showed an overall performance index of 0.85, which was considered as very good. The models developed in this study adequately estimated the average daily air temperature and the cycle of herbaceous cotton cultivars in the State of GoiasItem Caracterização e germinação de Dendrocalamus asper (Schultes f.) Backer ex Heyne (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-09-29) Araujo, Cristhian Lorraine Pires; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Pires, Larissa Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4811315528353849; Pires, Larissa Leandro; Aguiar, Renata Alves de; Carneiro, Luciano LajovicBamboo has the potential to replace traditional forest species, and there are no forest species that can compete in growth speed and area utilization. They have infrequent flowering, being the fruits rarely available and with low viability. Studies of morphology, germination and emergence are important for the adequate use of this resource at the time of its availability. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphology of fruits, spikelets and young plants of Dendrocalamus asper, as well as to evaluate techniques for the potentiation of the germination and emergence capacity of the fruits. To identify the morphological characteristics of fruits and spikelets were evaluated: width, length, fresh mass, weight of a thousand units, mass electrical conductivity, degree of humidity and external morphological characteristics. For the morphological characterization of young plants, 37 individuals were evaluated, based on vegetative characteristics such as the characteristics of the stem, branches and leaves. In the germination and emergence test, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications of 50 fruits, a 2x4 factorial scheme in a total of 8 treatments (two storage temperatures and four fruit treatments), where was determined total germination (GT), germination speed index (IVG), total emergency (ET) and emergency speed index (IVE). In vitro germination of fruits was carried out in MS medium modified with 5 mg.L-1 BAP, solidified with agar. The spikelet is fusiform to ellipsoid, glabrous, straw color with 5.94 mm long by 3.47 mm wide and 0.02 g mass, on average. The fruit is caryopse type, fusiform to subglobous, with smooth pericarp, glabrous and rigid, brown color, 4.08 mm long by 2.56 mm wide and 0.018 g mass, on average. For fruits with glumes (spikelets): the weight of a thousand units was 18.749 g, humidity degree of 20% and electrical conductivity of 33.16 μS.cm-1.g-1. For fruits without glumes: the weight of a thousand units was 16.184 g, humidity degree of 11% and electrical conductivity of 10.12 μS.cm-1.g-1. The young plant with 170 days presented a pachymorph rhizome, herbaceous stem, erect, cylindrical, pilous, green to purplish, with a mean of 278.02 mm (64.61-419 mm) in height and 3.83 mm (1, 03-5.4 mm) in diameter. Pilous internode, hollow and without thorns. Leaves of the stem erect, pseudopetiolate, alternated, with coloration ranging from light green (46%), dark green (43%), variegated (8%) and albino (3%). Pilous leaf limbus, lanceolate with rosy apex. Sheath closed, without cerosity, pilous, of greenish to purplish color, covering the whole culm. Clear and pilous ligule. Storage temperatures and interaction between storage temperatures and fruit treatment did not have a significant influence on the germination and emergence of D. asper caryopses. Fruit treatments had a significant influence on the germination and emergence of D. asper caryopses. The best treatment (fruits without glumes) had on average 4.5% of germination, germination rate index of 1.07, 2.5% of emergence and index of emergency speed of 0.20. The in vitro germination rate was 65.85%. It was concluded that the treatments of fruits influence the germination capacity of caryopses and the emergence of seedlings, and the removal of glumes were the best results. The in vitro germination of D. asper is viable, being a potentially more efficient alternative to the increase of the germination rate of the species.Item Quantificação de machos e fêmeas de Heterodera glycines (Ichinohe, 1952) em cultivares de soja resistentes e suscetíveis(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-11-17) ARAÚJO, Fernando Godinho de; ROCHA, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is one of the major phytopathological problems affecting the soybean, in the major producing countries of this legume. Eradication of H. glycines from contaminated areas is practically impossible. Thus, the soybean growers have to adapt control measures in order to maintain low population levels. The main control measures are crop rotation, soil management and use of resistant cultivars. With the purpose to evaluate the development of H. glycines and male/female ratio on soybean resistant and susceptible cultivars two trials were conducted during the years 2007 and 2008. Susceptible cultivars BRS Aracu, BRSGO Jatai, BRSGO Luziania, BRS Favorita RR, BRS Valiosa RR, BRS Silvania RR and resistant cultivars BRSGO Ipameri e BRSGO Chapadoes were evaluated. Soybean seedlings were transplanted to pots containing naturally infested soil with H. glycines, race 14, and, 10 days later, part of the plants remained in the pots to evaluate the females, while the other part was removed for hydroponic growth to evaluate the males. In the trial of 2008 the plants were divided in three lots, with the last one having the roots stained to count the juveniles and to evaluate survival rate. Resistant cultivars always maintained a small number of females and males, except for cultivar BRSGO Ipameri that had high countings of males. Only cultivars BRS Favorita RR and BRS Silvania RR had the expected sex ratio 1:1. All other susceptible cultivars had greater number of males than females, with ratios varying from 5:1 to 11:1. Survival rate was nil for both resistant cultivars, and varied from 6.75% to 35.00% for the susceptible cultivars. Regarding the number of cysts in 100 cc of soil the only cultivar that differed significantly from the others was the BRSGO Jatai on experiment conducted in 2007. The number of eggs per cyst varied, in both experiments, and the resistance did not influence the averages foundItem Aspectos da biologia e manejo do nematoide de cisto da soja(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-04) Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; Melo, Patrícia G. Santos; Campos, Hércules Diniz; Ribeiro, Neucimara Rodrigues; Meyer, Maurício ConradoSoybean is the most important oilseed crop grown in the world and Brazil is the second largest producer. Many pest problems can affect soybean, including the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. The search for efficient management alternatives of this nematode and understanding of their biology have been largely studied, but still lacking information. Experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions and naturally infested field aiming to better understand the behavior of H. glycines and to propose management alternatives. The first study had the purpose to evaluate the penetration and life cycle of H. glycines, race 3 (HG Type 0 -) in soybean cultivars resistant (BRSGO 8860RR) and susceptible (BRS Valiosa RR) under greenhouse conditions. Evaluations in stained roots were made at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). The penetration of H glycines occurred throughout the period of evaluation in both cultivars. The H. glycines life cycle was completed in 15 days, both in the susceptible and resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivar had the peak period of formation of J3, J4 and females delayed in comparison with the susceptible cultivar. The second study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of the resistance to H. glycines under high inoculum concentration, and the effect of increasing inoculum rates on the penetration of juveniles and H. glycines survival. Two experiments were conducted using three soybean cultivars (BRS Valiosa RR, susceptible to H. glycines; BRSGO Chapadoes and BRSGO 8860RR, both resistant to H. glycines) under four inoculum concentrations (1.000, 2.500, 5.000 and 10.000 eggs and J2 per plant). The increase in the H. glycines inoculum concentration increased the final nematode population in the susceptible cultivar. The cultivar resistance was not affected by high inoculum concentration. The root penetration of J2 increased as the inoculum concentration increased regardless the cultivar. The survival rate was higher in the susceptible cultivar decreasing with increasing of inoculum concentration. The third study evaluated the effect of seed treatment two soybean cultivars (resistant BRSGO 8860RR and susceptible BRS Valiosa RR). Two experiments were conducted, one in a naturally infested field and other under greenhouse conditions. The seed treatments did not affect the stand and the plant height of the resistant soybean cultivar. There was no effect of seed treatments on the nematode population in the field experiment. Under greenhouse, seeds treated with abamectin (50 and 75 mL a.i. 100 kg seed-1) + thiamethoxam (70 mL a.i.), imidacloprid + thiodicarb (105+315 mL a.i.) and thiodicarb + imidacloprid with carbendazim + thiram (75+225 e 30+70 mL a.i.) reduced the number of females per gram of roots on the susceptible cultivar. Seed treatment with imidacloprid + thiodicarb (75+225 mL a.i.) also reduced the number of eggs per female on the resistant cultivar BRSGO 8860RR.Item Atributos químicos do solo e desempenho de culturas em rotação ou consórcio com plantas de cobertura em sistema agroflorestal(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-09) Arruda, Everton Martins; Flores, Rilner Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6161143914254137; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Calil, Francine Neves; Damin, Virgínia; Cruz, Simério Carlos Silva; Behling, MaurelThe presence of an arboreal component, such as in agroforestry systems, can promote a better balance of tropical ecological processes, allowing agricultural exploration in vertical and horizontal landscape profiles. This, together with the inclusion of single or intercropped cover crops in the agroforestry understory can increase the beneficial effects through interaction among species, favoring greater nutrient accumulation and cycling. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the soil chemical attributes and the performance of agricultural species and cover crops in rotation/consortium in an agroforestry system in the cerrado region of Goiás. The research was carried out between 2012 and 2016, in the city of Goiânia-Goiás, in an agroforestry system implanted in an 8- year-old Baru forest (Dipteryx alata V.). Soil from the experimental area was classified as typical dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB), with four replications. Cover plants were cultivated singly: Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes macrocephala - 20% and Stylosanthes capitata - 80%); Massai grass (Panicum maximum) and intercropped: Pigeon pea+ Massai grass and Stylosanthes + Massai grass, in addition to an area under spontaneous vegetation (control treatment). We evaluated soil chemical fertility and dry phytomass productivity and macronutrient accumulations by cover crops, quality and yield of corn silage grown in rotation with the cover plants, relative index of chlorophylls and growth of Banana trees cultivated in consortium with the cover plants, in addition to the growth of the Baru trees during this period (height, diameter at breast height and crown diameter). The Campo Grande Stylosanthes increased the calcium contents, pH values and sum of bases in the soil solution at depth 0-10 cm after two years of cultivation. However, Massai grass, alone, increased potassium levels at depth 0-10 and 10-20 cm in the same cultivation year. The dry matter yield of silage maize was similar among the residual straw of Pigeon pea, Massai grass, and Stylosanthes + Massai grass cultivars. However, cultivation with residual Stylosanthes increased the crude protein percentage. The growth in height of the banana trees at 6 and 12 months was higher in consortium with Massai grass when compared to the area maintained with spontaneous vegetation. The incremental increase in height of Baru trees only increased after two years through the residual Campo Grande Stylosanthes. The highest productivity of dry phytomass was obtained from Massai grass, alone. The accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sulfur were similar among Massai grass alone, Stylosanthes alone, and Massai grass + Stylosanthes consortium. However, potassium and magnesium accumulations were only higher in the aerial part of the Massai grass, alone.Item Do capital ao interesse social: [re]construindo a reforma agrária brasileira(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-06-16) Barbosa, Caroline Vargas; Souza Filho, Carlos Frederico Mares de; Tárrega, Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3710736362842934; Tárrega, Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco; Souza Filho, Carlos Frederico Marés de; Belaidi, Rabah; Macêdo Filha, Maurides Batista deThis dissertation aims to build an interpretive approach unique to the Brazilian Agrarian Reform, with Community law in the land as a source of inspiration . The discussion is guided by the problem that the Agrarian Reform to serve the interests of capitalism distances himself founded the collective interest in social justice . The theoretical basis through the deductive method and literature, search the application of the provision of good living as principles framework of Community law to the land, and finally as a guarantee of underlying constitution rights in the country of 1988 . Firstly, we establish the concepts of Agrarian Reform, the construction of the Brazilian normative concept and measures and state forecasts for this purpose. Subsequently, we embrace the interest of capitalism on earth, and their lucrative facets . Therefore we seek to understand at what point Agrarian Reform shall meet the capital. The concept of good living and community land rights become the opposition to capital for construction of a new interpretive Agrarian Reform permeating the environmental principle of ownership. Concluding that the redefinition of Agrarian Reform confused in identifying the man and land in a vital relationship. So, the company shall exercise supervision in the definition of good living , becoming an active subject in the effectiveness of these precepts . Private property must meet a community to individuals, as the main feature of recognition of ownership of the carrier. The interpretation of Community law of the land tied to social and environmental function of land and agrarian reform may serve to meet the fundamental social rights of rural workers with capital.