Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia

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Ação de produtos químico in vitro, em mudas e em campo sobre a mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas perforans e X. gardneri) em tomate para processamento industrial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-17) NASCIMENTO, Abadia dos Reis; FERNANDES, Paulo Marçal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9497281141847296
The search of alternative products for tomato bacterial spot has been promoting by the lack of effectiveness registered by the traditional products available. The objective of this work was to evaluate a range of chemical products by in vitro tests, in experiments seedlings and field experiments. The products studied were: acibenzolar-S-methyl; benzalkonium chloride; phosphite; copper hydroxide, copper oxicloreto; metiram + pyraclostrobin and famoxadone + mancozebe. The in vitro tests were carried out at Embrapa Hortaliça, Brasília-DF, in July of 2007. The bactericide action was evaluated on Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri. The trial was in a complete randomized block design with four replications and plot was constituted by a Petri plate impregnated with solidified bacterial suspension. The halo of inhibition formed was evaluated. The experiments with seedlings were carried out with the hybrid Heinz 9553 at the commercial nursery VIVATI in Rio Verde, Goiás, in August to September and November to December of 2008. There were three trials in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The products were sprayed by using CO2 portable sprayer. The inoculation occurred 29 days after sowing, with an isolated of X. gardneri. Disease severity was evaluated on 15 leaflets per plot at 14 and 16 days after inoculation of the first and second experiment, respectively. Data was expressed as percentage of leaf affected by program Quant. It was also suggested a possible interaction between the regulator of growth paclobutrazol and the behavior of certain products in the reduction of the severity of the disease. Two field trials were carried out at the experimental farm of Unilever Bestfoods, in Goiânia-GO, from February to June of 2007 and April to August of 2008. The first was with the hybrid Heinz 9992 in a complete randomized block design, with 15 treatments and three replications, and inoculated with X. perforans. The second was in a split plot completely randobized block design with three replications. Variety (Hypeel 108 and U2006) was ascertained for factor A and the 10 treatments for factor B. Xanthomonas perforans and X. gardneri were inoculated in different moments. In both trials foliage severity, number of fruits with symptoms and yield were evaluated. In the second trial fruits with sun scald was also taken. In the in vitro test, the products to which X. perforans and X. gardneri were sensitive in the recommended dose were the benzalkonium chloride and famoxadone + mancozeb. Methiram + pyraclostrobin had action in the dosage recommended only for X. gardneri. Xanthomonas perforans was sensitive to this product only starting from ten times more. The products of copper base did not have action in the bacteria at the recommended dose, being sensitive only at a hundred time more. For the trials of seedlings it was noticed that metiram + pyraclostrobin, copper oxicloreto, famoxadone + mancozebe, phosphite and copper hydroxide reduced the severity under certain conditions. In the field trials, in generally, acibenzolar-S-methyl and famoxadone + mancozeb lead to the better results.
Acúmulo de nutrientes em soja transgênica no Cerrado goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-27) GONÇALVES, Janine Mesquita; FERNANDES, Eliana Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324619074753727; SOUZA, Eli Regina Barboza de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7641431808466123
The soybean is grown and consumed throughout the world. Brazilian production is concentrated mainly in the Mid-South. However, few studies on the accumulation of nutrients are made for improving the efficiency of production processes. We talk about the best fertilizer and sophisticated defensive, but if the plant does not respond well to all these stimuli do not result in profits for producers and more food for the population. The advent of transgenic cultivars reduced production costs, but the accumulation of nutrients in these plants is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of nutrients in conventional and transgenic cultivars subjected to the same conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute Goiano - Urutaí Campus, from 12 November 2010 to 15 April 2011. We collected whole soybean plants at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days after planting. The plants were taken to the laboratory washed in tap water and divided into stems, leaves, flowers and pods, passed in distilled water, dried in a forced air at 70 ° C and ground in Willey type mill. We analyzed the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, means and regression testing. It was concluded that the greatest accumulation of biomass and thus nutrient does not guarantee high yields in soybean.
Adição de pó de aciaria como fonte de micronutrientes e diferentes níveis de calagem em solos de cerrados cultivados
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-02-26) Alves Filho, Anibal Sebastião; Dornelles, Milton Sergio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9601151044965568; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Ximenes, Paulo Alcanfor; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Barros, Rosana Gonçalves; Menezes, Luiz Antônio Silva; Leandro, Wilson Mozena
The savannas reached prominence in the development of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and processing tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), Depending on the economic and social importance of these crops. The problems of acid soils and nutrient deficiency in the savannas are common in most soils, but once overcome these obstacles, the cultures exhibit satisfactory development and production. Increasingly it becomes necessary, by the dynamism that modern agriculture provides that alternative mechanisms of replenishment of nutrients to the soil are offered, due to the high cost of fertilizer and high extraction of these elements in each cycle of crops. The use of industrial waste from various sources has shown potential for agricultural use, for purposes of correction of acidosis, addition of macro and micronutrients to the soil or even physical conditioning of the soil, always under careful criteria used to avoiding the environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the electric arc furnace dust coming from the steel industry as a source of micronutrients in crops of corn, soybean and tomato at different levels of liming. The tests were conducted in two locations. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the School of Agronomy and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, in Goiânia-GO, Brazil and other, in a greenhouse at Palmital Farm, municipality of Urutaí-GO, in campus of the Instituto Federal Goiano. During three years, were evaluated in Goiânia-GO, the use of steelmaking dust in corn in rotation with soybean and, in Urutaí-GO, for seven months, the tomato crop in succession with soybeans. The results in both experiments indicated that the levels of heavy metals detected in soil and leaves of the plants analyzed were below the limits considered toxic.
Adubação de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), em viveiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-08) PACHECO, Abílio Rodrigues; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062
Producing seedlings of good quality is an important step in the process of planting forest species. Addition of lime and fertilizers contribute in obtaining good quality seedlings, however, information is limited on fertilization and nutrition of native species of savannah. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth response of baru seedlings (Dipteryx alata Vog.) to organic and mineral fertilizers. Seedlings were produced in plastic bags with a diameter of 20 cm x 30 cm and capacity of four liters of substrate. Clay Dark Red Latosol collected from subsoil (20 cm depth) from Federal District of Planaltina, DF was used. The first experiment was conducted in complete randomized blocks, with eleven treatments in a factorial arrangement (4X2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. The treatments tested were E0+D0, E10+D0, E20+D0, E30+D0, E0+D1, E0+D2, E0+ALL, E10+D1, E10+D2, E10+ALL and E20+D1, where: E0, E10, E20 and E30 are doses of cattle manure varied from 0 to 30% in relation to final volume of mixed subsoil; D1 and D2 are traditional rates of chemical fertilizers, and D2 is double of D1 and D1 equivalent to dolomitic lime incorporated in the subsoil (0,5 g L-1) + P (150 mg L-1) + K (200 mg L-1) + Zn (5 mg L-1) + Cu (5 mg L-1) + Mn (5 mg L-1) + B (1 mg L-1) + Mo (0,5 mg L-1) + N (50 mg recipient-1 month-1, diluted in water); P and K were applied in the form of triple superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, Zn, Cu and Mn in the form of sulfates, B and Mo in the forms of borax and sodium molibidate, respectively.; ALL is symbol of slow release fertilizer in six months (2.4 g recipient-1 after emergence of seedlings and five months of age), contain N (15%), P2O5 (10%), K2O (10%), Ca (3,5), Mg (1,5%), S (3%), B (0,02%), Cu (0,05%), Fe (0,5%), Mn (0,1%), Zn (0,05%) and Mo (0,004%). In others experiments (1, 2, 3, and 4) baru seedlings were submitted to four rates of dolomitic lime (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1 of substrate), P (0, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1), K (0,100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) and N (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg seedling-1 month-1), in combination with two rates of cattle manure (10% and 20% in relation to final volume of mixture with subsoil). These experiments were conducted in complete randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement (4x2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. Source of N was urea (45% N), P triple superphosphate (45% P2O5), and K potassium chloride (60% K2O), respectively. After eight month of seedlings age following observations were made: Stem diameter of 5 cm height, plant height, top dry matter, soil and leaves chemical analysis for each treatment combination. In the first experiment, baru seedlings presented positive response to addition of traditional chemical fertilizers (rates D1 and D2) and slow release (ALL). Organic manure improved growth of seedlings with the addition of 20% and 30% cattle manure, however there was no difference between two rates. All treatments tested permitted production of seedlings of good quality for commercial sale and planting in the field, except of control treatment without fertilization (E0%+D0) and which received only 10% cattle manure with addition of subsoil (E10%+D0). Organic manure (20% cattle manure) and mineral fertilizers (D1, D2 and ALL) increased fertility of the substrate and leaf concentrations of N, P, K, S and Zn. In the experiments 1 and 4, seedlings presented positive growth to cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil, rate 20% better than rate 10%. Incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 20%, supplied adequate fertilization in the substrate and foliar nutrition for growth and mineral nutrition of baru seedlings. In the presence of cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil in the 10 and 20% rates, seedling growth response was negative with the addition of potassium and there was no response with the addition of lime and phosphorus. Nitrogen topdressing monthly gave positive response to growth and height, stem diameter, top dry weight, when applied after incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 10%, but response was positive in relation to height with rate of 20% cattle manure.
Adubação orgânica e mineral na introdução do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica l.) em sistema agroflorestal: atributos químicos do solo e desempenho agronômico
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-05-26) Moreira, Ranieri Ramadham Lino de Souza; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Silva, Átila Reis da; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes
Shaded cultivation of coffee (Coffea sp.) is a common practice from its center of origin, being currently used to add value to agroforestry systems, with slow maturation and selective harvesting of grains, shading can provide a better quality drink. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different sources of fertilizers, of organic and mineral nature, on the chemical attributes of the soil, in addition to monitoring the initial development of coffee cultureintercropped with banana (Musa sp.) and baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata ), into na agroforestry in the cerrado of Goiás. The work was carried out at the agronomy school of the Federal University of Goiás, located in Goiânia, Goiás, in a LATOSSOLO VERMELHO acriférrico típico. The experimental design was a randomized block, with 5 blocks and 5 treatments, with the control without maintenance fertilizer, an organic compound of its own formulation, cattle manure, chicken litter and commercial phosphate mineral fertilizer. The Arabica variety, cultivar MGS Paraiso 2, was used, and the soil was corrected and fertilized in a pit, with chemical analyzes of the soil before and at the end of the experiment. The following coffee development analyzes were performed: height, stem diameter, number of branches and evaluation with a chlorophyll meter. Plant height, fruit production and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured in baru trees and the circumference of the pseudostem in banana plants. There was no significant difference between treatments for height, stem diameter and chlorophyll for coffee plants. The control treatment did not meet the demand for the number of branches criterion, which is directly linked to coffee productivity. The baruzeiro and banana trees were indifferent to the handling carried out on the coffee trees. The initial development of coffee was not hindered by a system intercropped and shaded, and also did not respond to organic fertilization during the study period.
Adubação orgânica em sistema agroflorestal: atributos químicos e físicos do solo e desempenho das espécies consorciadas
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-25) Andrade, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Collier, Leonardo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7449368697500123; Collier, Leonardo Santos; Calil, Francine Neves; Flores, Rilner Alves; Freitas, Gilson Araújo de; Silva, Átila Reis da
The insertion of barueiros in the production systems through agroforestry system SAFs can promote the integration of rural areas in the Cerrado, especially when combined with crops of high relevance for farmers in this region, preserving natural resources and providing additional income for producers. Due to the integration of different crops, whether through consortia, successions or crop rotation, the demand for nutrients can be intensified, causing greater dependence on mineral fertilizers, which increases production costs. Organic fertilization can be a lower cost strategy to supply the nutrient demand for SAFs, in addition to contributing to the maintenance of the system's sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in different doses of organic compost in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil and in the development of crops grown in an agroforestry system in the Cerrado of Goiás. The experiment was conducted in a SAF composed of barueiros, divided into six rows of 14 trees, with banana trees and agricultural crops grown between the rows. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of four doses of organic compost (5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1), a treatment with mineral fertilization, plus the control without fertilization. The chemical and physical attributes of the soil, the agronomic performance of cowpea and banana and the growth of cassava and baru trees were evaluated. The applications of organic compost promote positive changes in the chemical attributes of the soil, especially in the first layers, with increased levels of MOS, P, K and Mg compared to mineral fertilization. During the studied period, the doses of organic compost and mineral fertilization did not affect the physical attributes of the soil to a depth of 0.20 m. The organic compost formed by energy cane biomass and cattle manure shows potential as an organic fertilizer in the cultivation of cowpea and banana cultivated in an agroforestry system, being able to substitute at 100% the mineral fertilization in the nutrition of these cultures. Doses 20 and 40 Mg ha-1 of organic compost provided the greatest increases in the vegetative performance of cassava, equivalent to mineral fertilization. During the period studied, mineral fertilization and doses of organic compost did not affect baru growth.
Adubação potássica via solo e foliar na produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-08-15) FREITAS, Roberto José de; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937
Cotton as a crop in Brazil has undergone significant changes in production technology and geographical location in recent years. Cultivation has shifted from traditional producing zones in the southeast of Brazil and the south region of the State of Goiás to the cerrados of the country's central-western region and the western part of Bahia. These technological changes were triggered by the adoption of exotic cultivars (American and Australian), with higher yield potential, better fiber quality, but also greater nutritional requirements. During this process, more demanding cultivars were consequently adopted, concurrently with the occupation of soils of lower natural fertility. During this period, a productivity increase in excess of 100% was verified. The conjunction of these factors has disorganized the fertilization recommendation practices adopted for this crop, since they were no longer adequately supported by the existing calibrations, generated under different soil conditions and at a different technological level. The use of fertilizers was then greatly intensified, in a most disorderly manner. Within this context, potassium was the nutrient whose use increased the most, due to the specific characteristics of this nutrient on the plant's metabolism and to its high degree of absorption by cotton plants. The potassium fertilization of cotton in the cerrados has therefore been performed in the various producing areas with great variation in rates and application modes, from total applications in the soil at pre-planting, to split applications in the soil, to supplementary foliar applications, still without the proper support from current experimental results. In this work, we evaluated the effect of combined soil and foliar applications of potassium on the productivity and quality of ginned cotton, under the cerrado conditions of the State of Goiás, by the installation of two experiments, combining different potassium rates in both application modes, organized in random blocks with split-plots. One assay was installed in Ipameri, with the application of five treatments to the soil (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 K2O ha-1) combined with four foliar treatments ( 0; 7.2; 14.4; and 21.6 kg K2O ha-1). Another assay was installed in Santa Helena de Goiás, in which four potassium levels were evaluated in the soil (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg K2O ha-1), combined with foliar rates similar to those used in the Ipameri assay. Significant productivity gains were observed for the soil applications in both assays, and for the foliar applications in the Ipameri assay. No interactions were observed between application modes. Also, no significant potassium fertilization effects were observed on the technological quality of the fiber.
Alternativas de manejo de Meloidogyne enterolobii Meloidogyne incognita em tomate industrial
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-11-22) Silva, Juliana de Oliveira; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; Santiago, Débora Cristina; Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; Pinheiro, Jadir Borges; Puerari, Heriksen Higashi
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the main phytosanitary problems that hinder the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Among the species of the genus Meloidogyne, M. incognita stands out as the most important species for the tomato crop. Another species that has caused concern to the producers is M. enterolobii, due to its ability to develop in cultivars with resistance to other species of Meloidogyne. For an adequate control of these plant parasites it is necessary to adopt an integrated management using practices such as resistant cultivars, biological control, resistance induction, chemical control, among others. This study had the objective to evaluate the reaction of tomato genotypes to M. enterolobii and the effect of chemical and biological products on resistance induction of tomato plants to M. enterolobii. We also evaluated the efficiency of three non-fumigant nematicides on the M. incognita control in tomato plants. the development of nematodes and the histological modifications caused in the root cells of plants when treated with these products and evaluating three new non-fumigant nematicides in the reduction of the population of M. incognita in tomato. Twenty-one tomato genotypes were inoculated with 2000 eggs and J2 of M. enterolobii and kept in a greenhouse for 35 days after inoculation (DAI) were used. All genotypes tested showed a susceptibility reaction to M. enterolobii. Four tomato genotypes were submitted to treatments with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis + B. subtilis + Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM) and Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis, inoculated with M. enterolobii and evaluated 60 days after inoculation. The plants that received the treatment with B. subtilis presented greater development of aerial part and root. The ASM resistance-inducing agent was able to reduce the reproductive factor when applied to the PXT 408 genotype. Seedlings of cultivar H-9553 were inoculated with 2000 M. enterolobii eggs and J2 and treated with ASM; B. subtilis; B. subtilis + B. licheniformis + T. longibrachiatum and Extract of R. sachalinensis and collected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 DAI for nematode penetration evaluation and histology of tomato root cells. In the evaluation of the nematode development and cell histology, the use of R. sachalinensis showed efficiency in the reduction of fourth stage juveniles and galls in the plants at 20 DAI and in the reduction of the final population of the nematode and reduced the number of females per gall. All the plants infected by the nematode, regardless of the treatment, presented vascular cylinder displaced from the center of the structure of the roots. Tomato seedlings of the Red Gnome cultivar were submitted to treatments with fluensulfone, fluopyran and fluazaindolizine and inoculated with 5000 eggs and J2 of M. incognita and evaluated at 60 DAI to determine the efficacy of the products used. The new nematicides tested showed efficiency in the reduction of the M. incognita population in the tomato roots.
Análise da tendência de chuva entre 1949 e 2019 em Goiânia, GO
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-24) Silva, Ayramanna Carlos Souza da; Battisti, Rafael; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9350992609794419; Battisti, Rafael; Casaroli, Derblai; Pilau, Felipe Gustavo
Weather variability influences the behavior of the population and many sectors of the economy. Anthropic actions directly affect global warming and, consequently, intensify the hydrological cycle, triggering a sequence of adverse effects such as increasing air temperature and changing precipitation in different regions. The analysis of the trend of historical precipitation allows determining the occurrence of local climate changes, enabling the evaluation of their consequences on hydrographic basins and, consequently, on society being a tool to solve problems of interest to engineering, such as surface runoff control and urban drainage, in addition to agricultural problems, such as crop management and mitigation systems. Climatic variability can also be caused by macroscale phenomena, such as ENSO. So, the objective of this work was to carry out the quantitative analysis and the trend of the historical series of rain from 1949 to 2019 in Goiânia, GO, on an annual, monthly and quarterly scale, through descriptive statistics and the Mann-Kendall test counting the occurrence of dry, rainy days and precipitated volumes and observing the occurrence, intensity and its relationship with ENSO. The pluviometric data were obtained on the Hidroweb database and a preliminary analysis was performed, filling in the missing data. The series was organized on the study and consistency scales, in which trends, averages and statistical tests were analyzed. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) of the period was obtained and the years were classified according to the occurrence, intensity and duration of the ENSO and the ONI response delay ratio in the rain intensity was determined. There was a large annual variation in the distribution of rainfall in the region, with a maximum of 2,049 mm (1982) and a minimum of 1,037 mm (1949), with a climatological average of 1,558 mm. Mann-Kendall indicated a tendency of increased rainfall of 2.31 mm year-1. In the monthly analysis, March and April showed a tendency of increasing rainfall of 2.48 and 1.87 mm month-1, respectively, from 1949 to 2019. In the quarterly analysis, the January-February-March (JFM) and April-May-June (AMJ) quarters showed a trend of increasing rainfall of 1.93 and 1.87 mm month-1, respectively. The city of Goiânia (GO) presented an average of 228 days without the occurrence of rains per year, which corresponded to 62% of the year, as for the daily volume of rain there were 200 occasions of precipitation above 60 mm day-1. When comparing the volume of rain with the ONI of the seasons of the same period and previous periods, a weak correlation was observed. Thus, there is a tendency of increasing rainfall in the annual accumulated. However, no correlation was found between the volume of rain and the occurrence of ENSO phenomena.
Análises da resistência genética à tospovirus e potyvirus em acessos de Solanum (secção lycopersicon)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-27) Oliveira, Renata Maria de; Dianese, Érico de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2503998782869167; Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Pereira; Novaes, Evandro; Dianese, Érico de Campos
Tomato is one of the most cultivated vegetables worldwide, and this is an important factor in their vulnerability to attack by pests and diseases, which contribute to the decrease in production and affects the quality of the fruit. Among diseases affecting tomato production, the ones caused by viruses are of the utmost importance, which are more difficult to control, highlighting those caused by species of the genus Tospovirus, which can cause losses of up to 100 %. The tospoviruses are responsible for the disease known as 'tomato spotted wilt' and are transmitted by thrips. In Brazil, four species of tospoviruses occur in tomato: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV), with a greater incidence of GRSV. The first TSWV resistance gene identified was the Sw-5, which is effective against all species of tospoviruses infecting tomato and is widely used in breeding programs for this reason, because the resistance gene presents a dominant trait. Sources of resistance were found in other wild accessions of the species S. chilense, S. habrochaites, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri and S. lycopersicum, showing promising results as sources of resistance for use in breeding programs. To identify a source of tospovirus resistance in wild accessions of the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças, and to perform the evolutionary analysis of the Sw-5 gene through the phylogeny of wild accessions, grouping them into evolutionary groups, this work was realized. The wild accessions of S. chilense and S. habrochaites species that showed compatible type of bands with resistance, can provide differentiated alleles of the resistance source based in S. peruvianum, since they grouped in other branches of the phylogenetic tree, with the potential to contribute with maintenance of resistance conferred by SW-5. The species of Potyvirus, Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV), have been reported causing severe damage (qualitative and quantitative) to the production of tomatoes for their various purposes. Symptomatic plants have whitening ribs, mottling and leaf distortion when infected by PVY, and necrotic spots that may progress to death of the plant when infected by PepYMV. Because of the recessive characteristic of the typical resistance to potyvirus, the search for new species that confer genetic resistance to this genus occurring in tomato is important. The pot-1 gene, which confers resistance to potyviroses in tomato is governed by a restriction mechanism of cell-to-cell movement of the capsid protein, which prevents viral accumulation in tissues. Sources of resistance have been reported in wild Solanum species in S. peruavianum, S. chilense, S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites, but it is necessary to evaluate the inheritance of this resistance, since the reported resistance is conferred by a monogenic recessive gene. This study aimed to identify in wild species accessions of the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças conferring multiple resistance to PVY and PepYMV, making them candidates for potential sources of resistance for use in breeding programs. Species wild the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças were evaluated for resistance to PVY and PepYMV and identified in accessions of the species S. peruavianum and S. habrochaites via serological analysis (DOT-BLOT) possible sources of resistance.
Aplicabilidade do sistema de avaliação da aptidão agrícola das terras frente à realidade do processo produtivo agropecuário goiano
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-02-27) BORGES, Lino Carlos; OLIVEIRA, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5499109407814908
There are several works which aim to equate the agricultural production in function of the best use of natural resources as soil and water, in the attempt of obtaining the maximum of effectiveness in the productive system, and upon this context the evaluation of the potential of using the lands has major importance for a correct planning of agricultural activities. The elaboration of maps of agricultural aptitude is of extreme importance for the sustainable use of soil and water, it should be the first and more important instrument of agricultural planning. Because of this, the elaboration of those maps should be accompanied of a discerning methodological process, focused mainly in the socioeconomic aspects aiming to adequate it to the various levels of soil handling present nowadays. This work has as objectives: 1) Research the applicability of the evaluation system of the lands agricultural aptitude regarding the actual conditions of the agricultural productive process for two areas of the State of Goiás, basin of drainage of Córrego das Pedras and of Ribeirão Jurubatuba (nascent of Ribeirão João Leite) and of the immediate surrounding of the National Park of Emas; 2) Look for latent factors responsible for the large variability of the lands aptitude in the studied areas, and detect the similar samples considering this clustering, using for this multivariate techniques of factor analysis of principal components and discriminative. The work considers quantifying and comparing the elements of production among the various classes of agricultural aptitude, establishing qualitative differences among those aptitude classes and the handling levels, comparing the theoretical model proposed in the studies against the several realities of the researched areas. The data related to the soil types, agricultural aptitude and handling levels recommended were gathered from maps elaborated for the two areas being studied. Data regarding productivity, production costs, land value, gross revenue and local adopted technology were obtained from personal visits and direct interviews with a sample of 52 farm properties for the agricultural year of 2006/2007. Based on the information found in the 52 analyzed samples, the use of factor analysis was shown to be promising, for this study area, being an innovative aspect in the interpretation of data related to the agricultural aptitude. Two techniques of statistical multivariate analysis were used: factor analysis aiming to reduce the columns of the original matrix (variables in study) through the identification of latent factors, synthesizing the common information over all variables; and the discriminant analysis with the objective of classifying the observations, with known data. These analyses indicated that productivity and production cost are related and that a possible explanation for it may be due to the levels of handling and technology, as with the gross income it may be explained by other elements as the business opportunity, market value for the products, and not necessarily with the level of technology. It was verified also a need for establishing greater and more meaningful details regarding the handling levels for the cases of pasture and forestry. Because of the peculiarities and diversity of production systems found in the basin of Ribeirão João Leite, the system of agricultural aptitude of the lands proposed by Ramalho Filho & Beek (1995) was considered insufficient, for suggesting only three handling levels, while the dispersion of the data regarding production, productivity, production cost and gross revenue, demonstrates the need of better discrimination or hierarchization of the handling levels. For the area of the immediate surrounding of the National Park of Emas the system of agricultural aptitude was shown to be more appropriate on the handling levels recommended. The system proposed by Ramalho Filho & Beek (1995), in a certain way, plasters or limits the expectations one could have relative to the potential of certain cultures, soils and used labor force, regarding the productivity and profitability of some agricultural and forestry activities. It was verified also that the handling levels are extremely important, and they should be in greater number and more detailed than the existing 3 handling levels (A,B and C) proposed by Ramalho Filho & Beek (1995).
Aplicação de técnicas pré e pós-colheita em tangerina ‘Dekopon’
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-02-11) Vasconcelos, Luis Henrique Costa; Silva, Flávio Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1713250447051507; Vera, Rosângela; Morgado, Cristiane Maria Ascari; Caixeta, Lismaíra Gonçalves; Campos, André José de; Silva, Flávio Alves da
The 'Dekopon' tangerine is a little known fruit in the consuming community, and emerging in research, nevertheless gains space within the citrus culture for its agronomic and sensorial characteristics, opening market for mandarins. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the application of calcium chloride in pre-harvest and post-harvest of 'Dekopon' tangerine, with associations of processing, refrigeration, passive modified atmosphere and ultraviolet radiation C. The study was carried out in a commercial orchard and the fruits analyzed in the laboratory. For the pre-harvest treatments, different doses of calcium chloride (100, 200, 300 and 400% of the recommended dosage) were used for the post-harvest, the association with UVC radiation was used (control and 10 minutes of exposure), processing (presence and absence of processing) and passive modified atmosphere (control, PVC and LDPE); and thereafter, all UVC radiation times (0, 3, 6 and 9 minutes) and refrigeration (24, 12 and 6 ° C). Loss of fresh mass, color (ºHue and chroma), soluble solids, hydrogenation potential (pH), titratable acidity, ripeness index, geometric characteristics, ascorbic acid, firmness and fruit fractions were evaluated. The data originated from the quantitative variables analyzed were submitted to regression analysis by means of an F test at the 5% probability level to measure the meaning of the proposed model, while the data originated from the analyzed qualitative variables were submitted to analysis of variance (P <0.05), and when significant the Scott-Knott averages comparison test was done at 5% probability. Based on the results, it was concluded that the use of pre-harvest calcium chloride, for most variables, desirable post-harvest characteristics were observed for 100 and 200% of the recommended CaCl2 dosage during 21 days of evaluation . While the beneficiation did not act in a beneficial way, but the association between ultraviolet light and passive modified atmosphere, they acted to maintain postharvest attributes at room temperature. And, refrigerated storage at 12ºC allowed for the maintenance of desirable post-harvest characteristics, allowing the fruit to be preserved for a longer period, physical and physicochemical quality with higher stability, and longer shelf life associated with this storage the UVC radiation time of 3 minutes, showing promise in the maintenance of adequate post-harvest quality.
Aplicação do algoritmo SAFER na obtenção da evapotranspiração atual das culturas em condições de cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-03) Souza, João Maurício Fernandes; Casaroli, Derblai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1054839770814863; Alves Júnior, José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3418524049655817; Giongo, Pedro Rogério; Bufon, Vinicius Bof; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo; Brian, Alexandre; Casaroli, Derblai; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1054839770814863
To realize an efficient management of water use in irrigated agriculture is important to obtain meteorological information to assist in the management of water resources. Since the data of evapotranspiration (ET) they are often used as a fundamental criterion in irrigation operations in the calculation of water balance and agroclimatic zoning. Therefore, the estimated evapotranspiration of culture on a regional scale, based on satellite images represent a great contribution to the studies on the management of water resources, being able to provide their estimate in areas with high heterogeneity and size, to Unlike micrometeorological methods and even of direct measures such as lysimeter. Compared to other models that use the energy balance, the SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Retrieving Evapotranspiration) has a simpler parameter, requiring only the remote data of the albedo, NDVI and temperature. The SAFER still has the additional advantage of using data from both types of stations meteorological conventional and automatic. This feature is important because it allows the assessment of historical trends of energy balance components on a large scale over the years,given that automatic sensors are relatively recent developments in instrumental technology. Considering the recent development of SAFER, there are not many studies to assess its performance. The aim of this study was estimate the culture evapotranspiration and their respective Kc's in its different phenological phases without water restriction, in areas in Goias Cerrado region, using remote sensing techniques for validation of the agro-meteorological model SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) in compared to the method standard FAO 56. , using agrometeorological monitoring and after evaluation of the model's reliability, make a comparison between the ETr estimation method obtained by SAFER,with the climatological hidric balance and the soil water balance in order to validate the proposed methodology as an alternative to methods traditional. The structure of this study is as follows: after the introduction and literature review on the topic, the first chapter presents the SAFER calibration data and its application in bean crop, tomato, sugarcane and wheat in Goias Cerrado, taking as reference the water requirement estimates using the FAO methodology; and then, after proof of efficiency, in the second chapter presents the SAFER application results in a dry area cultivated with sugarcane in order to present it as an alternative to traditional methods
Aproveitamento de lodo de curtume e uso de água residuária de esgoto doméstico na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-01-19) Pinto, Guilherme Malafaia; Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4958960432206028; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Borges, Jácomo Divino; Salomão, Leandro Caixeta; Araújo , Fernando Godinho de; Ramos, Marcus Vinícius Vieitas
In this study, we carried out several experiments under protected environmental conditions, which, as a whole, aimed at the assessment of tannery sludge reuse in corn culture (Zea mays L.). In the first study (cultivar BG 7049H), chemical changes and corn yield in Haplic Plinthosol were assessed. The soil received 9 and 18 Mg.ha-1 of tannery sludge (in natura) and was irrigated with domestic wastewater. Such treatments helped increase pH values and total P, K, Mg and Ca concentrations in relation to initial values, thus improving soil fertility. However, the application of these doses, even if together with wastewater irrigation, did not provide a corn yield equivalent to that obtained with mineral fertilization. The second study involved vermicomposting of different tannery sludge doses with cattle dung. The potentiality of such treatment method in agriculture was assessed. The results showed that vermicomposts produced using Eisenia foetida presented different nutrient concentrations, favoring their use as soil conditioners. On the other hand, despite C/N ratios decreased in all treatments, indicating the maturation of the final substrate, the values observed exceeded the maximum limit established by MAPA’s Normative Instruction # 025/2009 for compound organic fertilizers, fact that led to the development of the third study of this Ph.D. thesis. The objective of this study was to detail the investigations on vermicomposting of tanning residues, using two different types of tannery sludge (liming and primary), which were also mixed with cattle dung. At the end of the experiments, vermicomposts yielded high N, P and K total concentrations, as well as pH values and C/N ratios, and N and TOC concentrations that comply with the minimum limits established by MAPA. Besides, Cu, Zn and Cr concentrations in the produced vermicomposts did not exceed the limits established by Conama’s re solution 375/2006. A fourth study followed, aiming at the analysis of a corn culture (cultivar LG 6036) in a typical Dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol), irrigated with domestic wastewater and adding tannery sludge vermicomposts produced in the previous study. Although the treatments promoted satisfactory soil conditions for the development and yield of corn, little or no increase in pH, EC, TOC, base saturation, OM, N, K, Cu and Fe concentrations were observed, when compared to concentrations initially identified in the soil. On the other hand, an increase in P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn concentrations was observed especially in the treatments that included irrigation with domestic wastewater and/or addition of tannery sludge vermicomposts. Thus, it is concluded that, contrarily to tannery sludge concentrations used in natura, tannery sludge vermicomposts plus irrigation with domestic wastewater constitute important nutrient sources for corn culture. However, we call attention to the use of these residues aiming at the possibility of increasing certain nutrients in soils, once no significant increase was observed for all elements assessed in the culture soils.
Área de preservação permanente em processo de revegetação com espécies arbóreas e adubos verdes
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-02-02) Ferreira, Eva de Melo; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Correchel, Vladia; Calil, Francine Neves; Oliveira Júnior, Juarez Patrício de
This work was carried out Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás, where there is a dam that has its water used for the purpose of industrial supply, human and also for the creation of exotic fish, not belonging to the Cerrado fauna. In 2011 the revegetation was initiated with native tree species, among these: baru (Dipteryx alata), pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia), murici (Byrsonima crassifólia), nóde- porco (Physocalymma scaberrimum), and apeiba (Apeiba albiflora). Before the land was occupied with the cultivation of vegetables, annual crops and forages. In association with some tree species were used green manures, which among other things promote soil unpacking and nutrient cycling through the roots. The main objective of this study was to diagnose the situation of the study area, including water body that is fueled by Córrego Samambaia. Measurements were made of height and diameter of tree species for twelve months. In addition there collecting dam water samples where analyzed parameters pH, conductivity, total P and heavy metals. In July of 2014 and December of that year, analyzes were made of turbidity, color, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The parameters were evaluated according to the recommendations in the Standard Methods For Examination of Water & Wastewater (APHA, 2012) and these were performed in the Soil Analysis Laboratory, Substrate and Plant Nutrition (Lassnut) in the Agronomy School, and the use of Sanitation Laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering, both from the Federal University of Goiás. It also carried out physico-chemical analysis of soil. These were performed at Lassnut and also at the Soil Physics Laboratory EA-UFG. Monitoring carried out in September 2013 to August 2014, some plants had good response in relation to the use of green manures, but others had high mortality during the study, as the case of the pequi. The competition between alien and native was reduced, which increased overall survival. Elements such as Mn showed no significant difference in all treatments during evaluation’s period. The replacement of leguminous plants where there has been death is one of the alternatives to reduce compression levels. Macro and micro pores values were similar, but for texture area showed differences. For penetration resistance tests (PR) made in an area with green manure and one without legumes species, the largest PR values were found in the area without green manure. The water body receives the discharge of sewage illegally occupied homes. Parameters such as electric conductivity, were stable during the twelve months of study. The results for DO and BOD are outside the recommended by CONAMA’s determination, Nº 357.
Aspectos da biologia e manejo do nematoide de cisto da soja
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-07-04) Araújo, Fernando Godinho de; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4660306671671575; Rocha, Mara Rúbia da; Melo, Patrícia G. Santos; Campos, Hércules Diniz; Ribeiro, Neucimara Rodrigues; Meyer, Maurício Conrado
Soybean is the most important oilseed crop grown in the world and Brazil is the second largest producer. Many pest problems can affect soybean, including the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. The search for efficient management alternatives of this nematode and understanding of their biology have been largely studied, but still lacking information. Experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions and naturally infested field aiming to better understand the behavior of H. glycines and to propose management alternatives. The first study had the purpose to evaluate the penetration and life cycle of H. glycines, race 3 (HG Type 0 -) in soybean cultivars resistant (BRSGO 8860RR) and susceptible (BRS Valiosa RR) under greenhouse conditions. Evaluations in stained roots were made at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). The penetration of H glycines occurred throughout the period of evaluation in both cultivars. The H. glycines life cycle was completed in 15 days, both in the susceptible and resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivar had the peak period of formation of J3, J4 and females delayed in comparison with the susceptible cultivar. The second study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of the resistance to H. glycines under high inoculum concentration, and the effect of increasing inoculum rates on the penetration of juveniles and H. glycines survival. Two experiments were conducted using three soybean cultivars (BRS Valiosa RR, susceptible to H. glycines; BRSGO Chapadoes and BRSGO 8860RR, both resistant to H. glycines) under four inoculum concentrations (1.000, 2.500, 5.000 and 10.000 eggs and J2 per plant). The increase in the H. glycines inoculum concentration increased the final nematode population in the susceptible cultivar. The cultivar resistance was not affected by high inoculum concentration. The root penetration of J2 increased as the inoculum concentration increased regardless the cultivar. The survival rate was higher in the susceptible cultivar decreasing with increasing of inoculum concentration. The third study evaluated the effect of seed treatment two soybean cultivars (resistant BRSGO 8860RR and susceptible BRS Valiosa RR). Two experiments were conducted, one in a naturally infested field and other under greenhouse conditions. The seed treatments did not affect the stand and the plant height of the resistant soybean cultivar. There was no effect of seed treatments on the nematode population in the field experiment. Under greenhouse, seeds treated with abamectin (50 and 75 mL a.i. 100 kg seed-1) + thiamethoxam (70 mL a.i.), imidacloprid + thiodicarb (105+315 mL a.i.) and thiodicarb + imidacloprid with carbendazim + thiram (75+225 e 30+70 mL a.i.) reduced the number of females per gram of roots on the susceptible cultivar. Seed treatment with imidacloprid + thiodicarb (75+225 mL a.i.) also reduced the number of eggs per female on the resistant cultivar BRSGO 8860RR.
Aspectos epidemiológicos do mofo-branco e feijão comum
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-03-26) Santos, Priscila Ferreira dos; Lobo Junior, Murillo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3352833548668460; Lobo Junior, Murillo; Cunha, Marcos Gomes da; Paula Júnior, Trazilbo José de
To better understand the epidemiology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, causal agent of white mold on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a field trial was carried out to assess the relationship between inoculum density before disease onset (apothecia), disease severity, yield and number of sclerotia formed after plant infection. The experimental field was set in Goianira, GO, with the sprinkle irrigated cropping of common bean cv. Pérola, and consisted of plots treated with chemical fungicide (fluazinam), biological control (Trichoderma harzianum) and integrated management of white mold (Trichoderma harzianum+Fungicide). Plots without any treatment were used as control plots. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression and, when necessary, to the Tukey's test (5%). The number of apothecia and number of new sclerotia formed after infection with S. sclerotiorum were related to disease severity and yield, by simple linear models. The integrated management obtained with chemical + biological control achieved better results than the separate application of control measures. The decrease of 35.3% to 0.9% severity of the disease, and 80% reduction in the number of new sclerotia were recorded for the integrated management treatments, in comparison to the control plots. From the sum of new sclerotia produced, 64% were recovered with the harvested grains, and 31% and 5% were respectively found on soil surface residue or after residue threshing. A second study aimed to estimate e the effects of temperature and leaf wetness on infection and development of S. sclerotiorum lesions. This second trial was carried out with ‘Jalo Precoce’ common bean plants. After inoculation with flowers previously colonized by the pathogen’s mycelium, the trial was set under controlled conditions. To assess the incubation period and lesion size in leaves, the inoculated plants were submitted to temperatures of 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C and leaf wetness periods (LWP) of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28h, under a 12h photoperiod. Temperatures of 20° to 25°C, in combination with LWP of at least 12 hours favored infection of ‘Jalo Precoce’ plants by S. sclerotiorum. Plants were infected at 10°C, but did not develop symptoms in the studied time intervals.
Aspectos fenológicos e cultivo in vitro de Bromelia reversacantha Mez (Bromeliaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-06-15) Costa, Luiz Valério Afiune; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; Silva Neto, Sebastião Pedro da; Pires, Larissa Leandro
Bromelia reversacantha is a species of the Bromeliaceae family which occurs in areas of Cerrado Rupestre. It is characterized for being a terrestrial species, growing on sandy soils, in dry and semi-shade environment. It presents interesting ornamental characteristics for the landscape gardening, such as persistent leaves, showy and lasting inflorescence. However, this species, like so many of Cerrado, is threatened by the expansion of the agricultural activities in this bioma and by the predatory extration. The knowledge on phenologic stages and of growth factors and the development of these plants under in vitro and ex situ conditionswould allow to get in vitro culture protocols,enabling actions of preservation and management of such species. The present work had as objective to present the aspects of the growth and vegetative development and the reproductive phase of sets of plants located in the Biological Reserve Prof. Jose Ângelo Rizzo, city of Mossâmedes, Goiás state. Moreover, seeds collected in the Reserve had been germinated and served of source of explants for the attainment of in vitro propagation protocols. The results of the analyzed variable of growth had indicated that hidric deficiency and more cold temperatures do not favor the development of the plant. The vegetative propagation, bylateral shoots, was observed in almost every months. The flowering period presents a average of 11.70 days with an average of 4.84 open flowers per day. The nectar presented an average volume of 29.73 μL with average of 34.25o Brix, attracting diverse insects and hummingbirds. It did not have production of fruits in the inflorescences submitted to spontaneous self-pollination. However, tests of geitogamy and xenogamy had produced fruits indicating that the species is possibly allogamous. Seeds of B. reversacantha had presented high percentage of germination, with an average of 98.13%. In the experiments for in vitro propagation, the used culture medium was the MS, supplemented with 30 g.L-1 of sacarose and 0.1 g.L-1 of inositol and 6 g.L-1 of agar, beyond the growth-phytoregulator NAA in three treatments: T1: growth-phytoregulator free; T2: 1 mg.L-1; T3: 2 mg.L-1 (experiment1). After 315 days in culture, the treatment with 2 mg.L-1NAA promoted higher ratein vitro multiplication by the adventitious shoots induction. In the experiment 2, the treatments involved combinations of the growth-regulators BAP and NAA, in three treatments: T1: BAP 2 mg.L-1 and NAA free; T2: BAP 2 mg.L-1 and NAA 1 mg.L-1 ; T3: BAP 2 mg.L-1 and NAA 2 mg.L-1. After 260 days in culture, the combination of BAP 2 mg.L-1 with NAA 1 mg.L-1 promoted higher rate of in vitro multiplication, by indirect organogenesis. These results indicate that the in vitro production of plantlets is a viable activity and that can produce great amount of plantlets in short time.
Aspectos fenológicos, associação micorrízica e germinação in vitro de Cyrtopodium vernum Rchb.f. & Warm (Orchidaceae)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-19) Gonçalves, Fábio José; Filippi, Marta Cristina Corsi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0029536556461484; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4627553641870284; Pires, Larissa Leandro; Lobo Junior, Murilo; Sibov, Sérgio Tadeu
Cyrtopodium vernum Rchb. f. Warm (Orchidaceae) is a species widely distributed in Brazilian savannah, mainly in Cerrado Rupestre. C. vernum is a terrestrial plant, growing in sand soil, dry environment and it grows in full sun. Due to beauty of its flowers and its inflorescence, C. vernum presents high ornamental and commercial potential. However, few information are available on aspects of development, budding or germination of this species that can be used for the production of plants in scale for use in commercial production. Thus, the present study objectified to characterize the fenology, the morphology and the reproductive aspects of this species and to establish protocols for symbiotic and asymbiotic germination in vitro. The plants studied grows at the Biological Reserve Prof. Jose Ângelo Rizzo, a forest remainder of 500 ha of Cerrado biome, whose predominant vegetation is the type Cerrado Rupestre, located in the Serra Dourada, city of Mossâmedes-GO. From the months of July of 2007 through August of 2008 monthly visits had been carried out for accompaniment and collects data of 63 plants, distributed in four subpopulations. For the establishment of the germination protocols in vitro of C. vernum established the symbiotic culture, pairs the isolated fungic contends the mycorrhizae Epulorhiza sp., obtained from roots of C. vernum, with the seeds of C. vernum in medium FA, and the asimbyotic culture, where the seeds had been cultivated in culture mediums that are regularly used for seed orchids germination, being the complete MS medium, the MS medium with reduction to the half of the concentration of macronutrients (½ MS) and the Knudson medium (KC). Also histological slides of these roots were made for verification the mycorrhizae symbiotic interactions in the roots. The analysis of the behavior of C. vernum allowed to verify that this species presents the beginning of the budding with the beginning of rainy season and that the bloom is narrowly related with the action of the fire. Soon after the bloom, still in the rainy period, plants of C. vernum starts to invest its energy in the production of vegetative parts, as new pseudobulbs and leves. The establishment of the symbiotic germination in vitro did not disclose resulted satisfactory because no protocorms formation were obtained. However, satisfactory results had been founded in the asymbiotic germination in vitro, being the ½ MS medium superior to the KC and the complete MS medium for the time, germination of seeds and establishment of protocorms. However, the development of new plants did not occur in none of the three medium, indicating the necessity of the fitohormone use to induce the differentiation and organogenesis.
Aspectos fitotécnicos e qualidade do solo em sistemas agroecológicos no feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-10-04) Herrada, Marisol Rivero; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4790101A3; Leandro, Wilson Mozena; Ximenes, Paulo Alcanfor; Brasil, Eliana Paula Fernandes; Teixeira, Itamar Rosa; Zang, Joachim Werner
The study was on the effect of agroecosystems in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). The objective was to evaluate phytotechnical aspects and soil quality in agroecosystems using legumes in monoculture and intercropped with millet system and conventional tillage in the common bean. The legumes studied were beans pork (Canavalia ensiformes), Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), Mucuna (Stizolobium dierrigianum) , Guandu (Cajanus cajan) in monoculture and intercropped with millet (Penicetum glaucum) under conventional and no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design. Dry biomass, nutrient content, nutrient accumulation of plants for roofs, growth (height and stem diameter) of plants, yield of common bean and the physical , chemical and biological soil properties were evaluated . It was found that all legumes in monoculture and intercropped with millet provide high accumulation of nutrients in the biomass, contributing to the improvement of soil fertility and crop productivity in the common bean agroecosystem , the production of dry biomass cover crops were exceeding 9.000 Mg ha-1 , stood out the pigeon pea and bean Mucuna with the largest production fitomasssa and levels of N, P , Ca , Mg and Zn. The cropping system -tillage and legume consortium with millet allow better growth of the common bean. The yield of common bean was high for all systems, the highlight was the bean pork with the highest yield. The soil physical properties were not affected by agroecological systems. Chemical and biological soil properties were altered with high accumulations of nutrients supplied to the ground in agroecosystems. The system was used as a cover crop showed the lowest metabolic coefficient, and the system more efficient.

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