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Item Retenção de metais pesados em solos agricultáveis do Estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-07-31) CASTRO, Mara Lucia Lemke de; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062The intensification of the use of land for farming has caused great concern, mainly due to the impacts that these activities are causing the environment, particularly with regard to it s contamination by chemicals. The application of chemicals and waste ground and in several, or in plants in order to take agronomically solid waste, improve productivity and increase agricultural production has been growing in the practices of cultivation. The form of improper disposal of waste in the soil, without any control of dose and form of application, and without knowledge of their ability to assimilate the different soil types, possibly predisposing the occurrence of contamination and pollution along the profile these soils and may reach the water table and contaminate groundwater. This work aimed the analysis of the retention of some heavy metals in Ultisol, Oxisol Typic Acrustox, Quartzipsamment and Kandic Oxisol found in savannah soil of the Goiás. Heavy metals in tests were Cadmium (Cd+2), lead (Pb+2), copper (Cu+2), chromium (Cr+3 and Cr+6), nickel (Ni+2) and zinc (Zn+2). The sorption of the heavy metals in soil was evaluated by batch method and described by potential and linear models of the Freundlich isotherm. For the establishment of sorption isotherm were added in 5,0 cm3 of soil and 50,0 cm3 of solution containing the heavy metal being assessed with different concentrations within the limits acceptable soil. The potential and linear sorption isotherm submitted a good adjusted to describe the behavior of adsorption of heavy metals in different classes of soil studied. The detention of heavy metals in descending order was the Ultisol: Cr+3 > Cr+6 > Ni+2 > Zn+2 > Cu+2 > Pb+2 > Cd+2; Oxisol Typic Acrustox: Cr+3 > Cr+6 > Ni+2 > Cu+2 > Cd+2 > Zn+2 > Pb+2; Quartzipsamment: Cr+6 > Cr+3 > Cu+2 > Pb+2 > Ni+2 > Zn+2 > Cd+2; Kandic Oxisol: Cr+3 > Cr+6 > Pb+2 > Cu+2 > Zn+2 > Ni+2 > Cd+2. The Quartzipsamment presented a less retention metal comparison other classes of soil, and therefore more vulnerable to contamination of groundwater.Item USO AGRONÔMICO DE LODO DE ESGOTO NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA: EFEITO RESIDUAL(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006-01-31) GODOI, Emiliano Lobo de; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062The agricultural use of sewage sludge for recovery of degraded areas is one the main alternatives for final disposal of the resultant residue of cities treated sewer. The present work had the aim of evaluating the residual effect sewage sludge from the Sewer Treatment Station of Goiânia, after 41 months of its use on soil in increasing on length and diameter and in survival index of arboreous species mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), paineira (Chorisia speciosa) and pau-de-óleo (Copaifera langsdorffii). The following soil parameters were evaluated: pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, chromo, nickel and lead. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications, including the following treatments: 1) control; 2) mineral fertilizer; 3) 20 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid; 4) 20 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid + bio-stimulator; 5) 40 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid; 6) 40 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid + bio-stimulator; 7) 60 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid; 8) 60 Mg ha-1 of bio-solid + bio-stimulator. The residual effect of bio-solid affected positively the increasing on length, diameter and in survival index of mutamba (G. ulmifolia); the increasing on length and diameter of aroeira (M. urundeuva); the diameter and in survival index of paineira (C. speciosa); and the diameter of pau-de-óleo (C. langsdorffii) only in the cases where bio-stimulator was associated. It was verified that the appliance of single doses of bio-solid enhanced significantly the increase of pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, iron, copper and zinc in the soil, and a reduced tendency in the total content of magnesium cadmium, lead and chromo. The total content of potassium, manganese and nickel in the soil did not affect until 41 months of bio-solid single doses application. The present work suggests that the agricultural use of sewage sludge from the Sewer Treatment Station of Goiânia as an organic manure is both environmentally and technically viable. However, there must be a persistent control over its effects on the chemical properties of the soil.Item Teores de metais pesados e de enxofre no solo em áreas de influência de canais e reservatórios de vinhaça de fertirrigação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-07-21) GONÇALVES, Helenice Moura; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062This study aimed to evaluate the values of pH and the levels of cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and sulphur in the soil profile, beyond the behavior of those elements with respect to the acidity of soil in tropical climate, in areas of influence of channels and reservoirs of vinasse used in fertigation of sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarum L.). Adopted as treatment witness the soil under a natural untouched savannah area. The treatments of the first test consisted of vinasse channels with three periods of use: one, three and 20 years, totaling seven treatments (control and three channels, considering the parts internal and external), with four repetitions each. The second test consisted of four vinasse tanks with different periods of use, and found two seasons: three years (R3A and R3B) and 20 years (R20A and R20B) followed, constituting nine treatments (control and four tanks, measuring up the soil of the parties internal and external), with four repetitions each. In witness and on the outside of channels and reservoirs were collected samples of soil at depths of 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm, 50-75 cm and 75- 100 cm. On the inside (bottom) of channels and reservoirs, soil samples were collected at depths of 0-50 cm, 50-100 cm, 100-150 cm and 150-200 cm, in four different points in areas of Red Latosol Distrophic. The experimental design was sub-divided plots. The results from the soil analyses were subjected to analysis of variance and testing F and Tukey (P < 0.05). The use of vinasse channels and temporary reservoirs over the years didn t significantly alter the levels of heavy metals, suggesting that their contents accumulated in the soil are acceptable. However, channels and reservoirs should be covered with waterproofing material to prevent the leaching of these elements and therefore the contamination of the groundwater.Item Adubação de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), em viveiro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008-08-08) PACHECO, Abílio Rodrigues; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062Producing seedlings of good quality is an important step in the process of planting forest species. Addition of lime and fertilizers contribute in obtaining good quality seedlings, however, information is limited on fertilization and nutrition of native species of savannah. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth response of baru seedlings (Dipteryx alata Vog.) to organic and mineral fertilizers. Seedlings were produced in plastic bags with a diameter of 20 cm x 30 cm and capacity of four liters of substrate. Clay Dark Red Latosol collected from subsoil (20 cm depth) from Federal District of Planaltina, DF was used. The first experiment was conducted in complete randomized blocks, with eleven treatments in a factorial arrangement (4X2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. The treatments tested were E0+D0, E10+D0, E20+D0, E30+D0, E0+D1, E0+D2, E0+ALL, E10+D1, E10+D2, E10+ALL and E20+D1, where: E0, E10, E20 and E30 are doses of cattle manure varied from 0 to 30% in relation to final volume of mixed subsoil; D1 and D2 are traditional rates of chemical fertilizers, and D2 is double of D1 and D1 equivalent to dolomitic lime incorporated in the subsoil (0,5 g L-1) + P (150 mg L-1) + K (200 mg L-1) + Zn (5 mg L-1) + Cu (5 mg L-1) + Mn (5 mg L-1) + B (1 mg L-1) + Mo (0,5 mg L-1) + N (50 mg recipient-1 month-1, diluted in water); P and K were applied in the form of triple superphosphate and potassium chloride, respectively, Zn, Cu and Mn in the form of sulfates, B and Mo in the forms of borax and sodium molibidate, respectively.; ALL is symbol of slow release fertilizer in six months (2.4 g recipient-1 after emergence of seedlings and five months of age), contain N (15%), P2O5 (10%), K2O (10%), Ca (3,5), Mg (1,5%), S (3%), B (0,02%), Cu (0,05%), Fe (0,5%), Mn (0,1%), Zn (0,05%) and Mo (0,004%). In others experiments (1, 2, 3, and 4) baru seedlings were submitted to four rates of dolomitic lime (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L-1 of substrate), P (0, 150, 300 and 600 mg L-1), K (0,100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) and N (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg seedling-1 month-1), in combination with two rates of cattle manure (10% and 20% in relation to final volume of mixture with subsoil). These experiments were conducted in complete randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement (4x2), with three replications (composed of seedlings coming from different matrix) and plots consisted of three seedlings. Source of N was urea (45% N), P triple superphosphate (45% P2O5), and K potassium chloride (60% K2O), respectively. After eight month of seedlings age following observations were made: Stem diameter of 5 cm height, plant height, top dry matter, soil and leaves chemical analysis for each treatment combination. In the first experiment, baru seedlings presented positive response to addition of traditional chemical fertilizers (rates D1 and D2) and slow release (ALL). Organic manure improved growth of seedlings with the addition of 20% and 30% cattle manure, however there was no difference between two rates. All treatments tested permitted production of seedlings of good quality for commercial sale and planting in the field, except of control treatment without fertilization (E0%+D0) and which received only 10% cattle manure with addition of subsoil (E10%+D0). Organic manure (20% cattle manure) and mineral fertilizers (D1, D2 and ALL) increased fertility of the substrate and leaf concentrations of N, P, K, S and Zn. In the experiments 1 and 4, seedlings presented positive growth to cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil, rate 20% better than rate 10%. Incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 20%, supplied adequate fertilization in the substrate and foliar nutrition for growth and mineral nutrition of baru seedlings. In the presence of cattle manure incorporated in the subsoil in the 10 and 20% rates, seedling growth response was negative with the addition of potassium and there was no response with the addition of lime and phosphorus. Nitrogen topdressing monthly gave positive response to growth and height, stem diameter, top dry weight, when applied after incorporation of cattle manure in the subsoil in the dose of 10%, but response was positive in relation to height with rate of 20% cattle manure.Item Metais pesados e micronutrientes no solo e em folhas de Brachiaria decumbens às margens de rodovias(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-02-27) PEREIRA, Aquiria Alvarenga; LEANDRO, Wilson Mozena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052207260053937; BORGES, Jácomo Divino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6694312790302062The generation of various wastes, has become alarming in light of their growing volume and their disposal to form inappropriate, especially in soil. One of the characteristics of such waste is the possibility of being contaminated by heavy metals. The Fuel obtained the refining of oil, widely used in automobiles, are usually enriched with toxic elements. The number of vehicles using these fuels is increasing and with it the waste from the combustion or burning of fuel, making it a source of anthropogenic heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil, water and plants. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc in soil and leaves of plants of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. In areas of pasture under the influence of roads and a control area, in the State of Goiás. The first area of pasture on the margins of the BR-153, between the cities of Goiânia and Anápolis, in the State of Goiás, is characterized as a paved highway, double, intense traffic of vehicles, mainly of cargo (treatment BR 153). The second area in the GO-222 highway, between the cities of Anapolis and Nerópolis, paved road, single track and characterized by small flow of vehicles, mostly car ride (treatment GO-222). And the third area (witness area) within the Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco (PEAMP) , is a conservation unit of integral protection. Samples of soil and leaves of B. decumbens, treatment at the BR-153, GO-222 and PEAMP were collected in four sampling points (replicates) (BR-P1, P2-BR, BR-P3, P4-BR; GO-P1, P2-GO, GO-P3, P4-GO; PEAMP-P1, P2-PEAMP; PEAMP-P3; PEAMP-P4), with varying distances between them, in each treatment. In the treatment of roads in each of the four specific points (P1, P2, P3, P4) based on the direction perpendicular to the highway, three samples were obtained from leaves of B. decumbens and three composite samples of soil at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, collected at10m, 25m, 40m distance. The results indicated that the mean levels of heavy metals and micronutrients analyzed in soil and leaves of B. decumbens not characterize the occurrence of contamination in these environments due to its content. Witness in the area, although there is no traffic of vehicles, the levels of some heavy metals and micronutrients are equivalent to those obtained in treatments and BR-153 GO-222. The irregular behavior of the average levels of the elements in all treatments, hindered, in part, to better define whether its origins are natural or anthropogenic sources. We recommend the implementation of new scientific research in areas of Cerrado grown on the banks of the roads with large flow of vehicles, to monitor the levels of heavy metals in the environment and food.