Mestrado em Direito Agrário (FD)
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Navegando Mestrado em Direito Agrário (FD) por Por Unidade Acadêmica "Faculdade de Direito - FD (RMG)"
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Item A efetividade jurídica do PNAE: estudo dos anos 2017 a 2019 no estado de Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-10-27) Gomes, Luciana de Almeida; Belaidi, Rabah; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4786158485416951; Belaidi, Rabah; Dal Bosco, Maria Goretti; Torres, Katya Regina IsaguirreThe objective of this work is to identify the main problems faced in the execution of the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, in the state of Goiás, with regard to purchase of 30% from family farming. The methodology of participant observation was chosen and used, with a view to enabling this researcher achieve a holistic perspective of the topic under discussion, as well as better understand the challenges encountered in the good execution of the public food policy in question. The PNAE is the oldest public food policy in Brazil and one of the largest school feeding programs in the world. It offers school meals, as well as food and nutrition education actions, to students from all stages of basic education enrolled in public and philanthropic schools and in community entities – in partnership with the government. With the publication of Law No. 11,947/2009, the program became a legal framework for public policies on Food and Nutritional Security (SAN), promoting the Human Right to Adequate Food (DHAA) in the school community, based on inclusion family farmers as food suppliers for the PNAE. In short, the PNAE acts strategically: as a guarantee of adequate food for students and as a vector for the development of family farmers. In the performance of the Program's activities, regarding the technical and operational assistance of the PNAE in the municipalities of Goiás, the work of the Collaborating Center for School Food and Nutrition at the Federal University of Goiás (CECANE UFG) stands out. Based on this perspective, the work was structured in two parts. The first, predominantly dogmatic, in which it is intended, from a historical understanding, to elaborate concepts, contextualize the theme, and thus build the basis of the research. The second, predominantly empirical, consists of the effective treatment of the experience reports obtained (whether by this researcher, through observation and qualified listening, or from the members of CECANE UFG and the social actors involved in the PNAE) and by the analysis of collected documents. From this construction of thought, we sought to examine the legal effectiveness of the Program, detecting the hindrances founds in its good execution.Item A mulher na luta pela terra: da expropriação à subversão(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-08-26) Rego, Julyana Macedo; Paula, Helga Maria Martins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7617126066026167; Arruda, André Felipe Soares de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8102718940888796; Arruda; Arruda, André Felipe Soares de; Tárrega, Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco; Martins, Carla BenitezViolence is not a phenomenon that can be explained unilaterally, dissociated from the analysis of gender, race and class categories, given the consubstantiality of relationships. In view of this, the present work proposes to analyze the violence suffered by rural women in the process of resistance to land expropriation. This is because, according to data from the Conflitos no Campo Brasil 2018 dossier, between 2009 and 2018, 1,409 cases of violence against women were recorded in the context of the struggle for land, demonstrating the urgency of the present analysis, in particular, in view of underreporting. . To achieve the proposed objective, the method of bibliographic review was adopted, based on the study of specialized works on the subject. In another turn, in order to give an empirical character to the research, official data were inserted that deal with the difficulty of access to land, as well as the violence perpetrated on these subjects, when practicing acts of resistance and confrontation with the established order. It is also worth noting that it was a political and academic option to adopt a feminist and Marxist theoretical framework, one because science sometimes ignores women's production and, two, because a work on women, done by a woman, it would prove to be - at the very least - incoherent if it had as a reference the theories conceived by men. It does not mean, however, that, at times, works/theories written by men were not consulted, but this was done in a minority way. Regarding the way of writing, to facilitate understanding, the work is structured in three sections. In the first one, an approach was made about the feminist movement, which, in addition to the character of a social movement, constitutes a critical theory of white, Eurocentric, misogynistic and patriarchal science. Subsequently, it was explained about the Feminist Theory of Law and its impact on this extremely conservative field and, afterwards, it was possible to deal with the system of oppression and domination of women, focusing on the biological analysis and the sexual and racial division of the job. In the second section, the process of land expropriation was explained, arising, above all, with capitalism, denouncing, even, the emergence of the very concept of private property. To this end, it was demonstrated that, for the functioning of capitalism, it was necessary for rural workers to leave their lands, to work in the factory model, in an urban area. But to force them to do so, it was necessary to break the idea of the common good, giving rise to enclosures. Afterwards, it was demonstrated that this process has specific characteristics when it comes to women, and, to prove it, an analysis was made of women's rights in the country, in particular, regarding the capacity theory and its implications regarding to the acquisition of the property. Afterwards, it was shown that, strained by the pressure of the feminist movement, the Brazilian Judiciary has - albeit in a very inaugural way - recognize gender violence, when analyzing concrete cases. Having traversed this path, it was possible to reach the third section and, in it, the rural women's movement in Brazil was addressed, focusing on the emergence of the so-called peasant feminism. Subsequently, data were brought about the violence perpetrated on female subjects during the struggle for land. In the end, it was possible to conclude that violence against rural women is a serious phenomenon and intentionally ignored by the State, which does so, it should be noted, in order to maintain the status quo that privileges the Brazilian agrarian elite.Item Mineração e territorialidades indígenas: pandemia e contradição estatal(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023-03-07) Sebastião, Joana Gabriela Diniz; Caleiro, Manuel Munhoz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5142709078738401; Caleiro, Manuel Munhoz; Arruda, André Felipe Soares de; Colman, Rosa SebastianaMining is an extractive activity with a high capacity for decimating nature. In turn, it is one of the economic activities that is part of the list of developmental and neoliberal policies exercised since the early 1980s in Brazil, but has a history of compromising the well-being of nature and traditional populations, such as indigenous peoples, since the European colonization of the American continent. The genocide in the face of indigenous peoples was not stopped with the advent of capitalism, it only transformed the already existing colonization. The catastrophe of the junction between State, capital and mining is once again perceptible, when the new coronavirus pandemic spreads across planet Earth, and the decimation of indigenous populations and nature remains, by Decree no 10.282/2020, when it became the mining as an essential activity, in the midst of the chaos that was putting the lives of the entire Brazilian population at risk, but the danger suffered by indigenous peoples with the state’s failure to take political decisions during the critical period of the pandemic stands out. Thus, in this dissertation, the hypothesis of the contradiction between the reality of indigenous peoples and their territoriality living in constant threat is raised, in view of the provisions of articles 231 and 232 of the Federal Constitution, and the propulsion of mining in indigenous territories, taking advantage of the pandemic by COVID-19. The general objective was to evaluate the state contradiction in the face of the developmental policy unfolded in Brazil, and the protection and demarcation of indigenous territories, in the face of the social and economic dynamics of neoliberalism, during the pandemic. With that, the specific objectives are to describe mining in Latin America, understanding the socio-environmental and economic context and the territorial organization, as it is reflected in the present day; verify the effects of the pandemic on capitalism and indigenous populations in Brazil; finally, verify the contradictions of the State between protecting indigenous territories and promoting mining. The methodology of approach used is the historical and dialectic materialism, with a methodology of procedure of bibliographic research, audiovisual and collection of data in the state autarchies. The conclusion was that the state contradiction became more flagrant in the face of the pandemic, by defining mining as essential for the Brazilian population, even if its action processes provoke agrarian conflict, death by intoxication, the destruction of nature and compromise the well-being of indigenous peoples.