Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal

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    Aação do extrato etanólico da casca do pequi na cardiotoxicidade por doxorrubicina em ratos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-12-10) Moura, Léa Resende; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4706993T2; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4706014T9; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; Matos, Moema Pacheco Chediak; Coelho, Humberto Eustáquio; Beletti, Marcelo Emílio; Miguel, Marina Pacheco
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pequi shell etanolic extract (PSEE) (Caryocar brasiliense), through morphological evaluation and expression of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 proteins in the myocardium of rats with experimental acute and chronic doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity, to better understand the mechanisms involved in this disease process. Thus, two experiments were carried out. In experiment groups of acute phase, 30 Wistar rats were divided in six groups of five animals each, being Sham group (SG) water and saline; (G1) 16 mg/kg DOX and treatment with 300 mg/kg of PSEE for 17 days; (G2) 16 mg/kg of DOX and 600 mg/kg of PSEE for 17 days; (G3) 16 mg/kg of DOX and 300 mg/kg of PSEE for 10 days; (G4) 16 mg/kg of DOX and 600 mg/kg of PSEE for 10 days; and (GC) 16 mg/kg DOX. Treatment of G1 and G2 began on day one and continued until the end of the experiment, on the 17th. G3 and G4 animals were treated with PSEE for ten days, from the day seven, and DOX was applied on the 14th day after the experiment beginning. Three days after the application of DOX, on the 17th, the animals were euthanized and macroscopic evaluation and collection of samples for enzymatic analysis, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. In groups of the chronic phase experiment, 30 Wistar rats were divided in six groups of five animals. G1 and G2 received 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of PSEE, respectively, as pretreatment, by gavage for seven days. In G1, G2, G3, G4 and control group (CG), cardiotoxicity was induced with weekly applications of 2 mg/kg DOX, intraperitoneally, totaling four applications (8 mg/kg), and Sham group (SG) received 1 ml saline solution. G3 animals received daily 300 mg/kg of PSEE and G4, 600 mg/kg, by gavage, for 21 days of application of DOX. The CG and SG received 1 ml of water daily by gavage also. After completion of the application animals were kept for two months, totaling three months of treatment. Macroscopic evaluation was performed by the 90 days and samples were taken for analysis in electron microscopy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In acute experiment was concluded that PSEE attenuates the the deleterious effects of the DOX on cardiac muscle undergoing acute drug-induced cardiotoxicity. When used at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg for 17 days PSEE attenuates vacuolar degeneration in myocytes. When used at a dose of 600 mg/kg for 10 days PSEE reduces the fibers disruption. PSEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 17 days increases TIMP1 expression in the myocardium of rats treated with DOX. In chronic experiment was concluded that PSEE is effective in minimizing effects of chronic cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in the myocardium of rats, whereas at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, PSEE attenuates vacuolar degeneration in myocytes and at the dose of 600 mg/kg the PSEE reduces the amount of Anitschkow cells and myofibrils fragmentation. Keywords: Anthracycline, electron microscopy, histopathology
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    Abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica de cães com doença renal crônica com ênfase na hiperfosfatemia
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-25) Queiroz, Layla Livia de; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; Duque, Celine Tie Nishimori; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Castro, Maria Cristina Nobre e; Carvalho, Rosangela de Oliveira Alves
    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a degenerative condition that mainly affects older dogs. It has a progressive character, no cure, and in most cases is diagnosed late, when treatment becomes ineffective and survival timeshorter. With the objective of diagnosis’ standardization, the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) proposed a staging system based on serum creatinine. One of the major complications of CKD is hyperphosphatemia, which is demonstrably linked to mortality inhuman patients. The presentstudy used 65 dogs with CKD, followed upmonthly. The mortality rate was 55% and the average age was seven years. The follow-up time ranged from 46 to 225 days. As for the IRIS staging, 6.2% of dogs were in stage 1, 13.8% in stage 2, 38.5% in stage 3 and 41.5% in stage 4. With the progression of disease, proteinuria and arterial blood pressureincreased while urine specific gravity reduced. Most of the dogs showed increased renal echogenicity and changes in cortico-medullary definition,in ultrasonographic examinations. Hyperphosphatemia occurred mainly in stages 3 and 4 and was related to progression of the disease, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hypertension and increased mortality. Renal diet given continuously was effective in controlling hyperphosphatemia and increased survival time of dogs with CKD.
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    Ação citotóxica e antioxidante da beta lapachona em células endoteliais
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-18) Gonçalves, Patricia de Almeida Machado; Cruz, Vanessa de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8788967925940484; Pereira, Kleber Fernando; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779531102983799; Araújo, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928; Araújo, Eugênio Gonçalves de; Santin, Ana Paula Iglesias; Porto, Regiani Nascimento Gagno
    Oxidative stress is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species that cause cell damage and even the death. It is a mechanism related to ischemia and reperfusion, a process that affects several organs and is involved in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac and/or renal insufficiencies, hepatic dysfunction, among others. The discovery of new antioxidant substances derived from natural sources, is important for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Beta lapachone is a substance with antioxidant action obtained from sawdust of Ipe wood, a symbolic tree from the Brazilian cerrado. This study aimed to analyze the cytotoxic and antioxidant action of beta lapachone in endothelial cells, in vitro. EA.hy 926 lineage cells were subcultured, treated with different concentrations of beta lapachone and subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant action were assessed through the cellular viability analysis by the tetrazolium reduction method. The averages were verified by the Tukey test (5% of significance) and by variance analysis. There was a dose-dependent progression of cytotoxicity in the non-ischemia/reperfusion (control) group and cell viability increase in the ischemia/reperfusion group. However, there was no statistical difference between the concentrations and between groups. Considering the settings of this experiment, Beta lapachone did not present cytotoxic or antioxidant action on endothelial cells.
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    Ação da calendula officinalis 6 CH e spray de quitosana na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas em ratas diabéticas
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-08-05) Oliveira, Letícia Melo; Menezes, Liliana Borges de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2012543423092393; Paulo, Neusa Margarida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949273598509043; Paulo, Neusa Margarida; Parente, Leila Maria Leal; Martins, Apóstolo Ferreira
    One of the complications of diabetes is the difficulty of wound healing. Several studies are being conducted in order to find a drug to optimize healing while taking a low cost. Calendula officinalis in homeopathic materia medica is cited as a healing agent, but no studies in the literature evaluating its effect on wounds in diabetic patients has been peeformed. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential and helps in the healing process. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of Calendula officinalis 6 CH and Chitosan Spray on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. For this, we used 54 female rats randomly assigned into three groups (CG, GH, and GQ) 18 animals each satisfaction. The animals were treated according to the group to which they belonged: the CG with 0.9% saline, the GH with Calendula officinalis 6 CH, and GQ with Chitosan Spray. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 6) corresponding to periods of microscopic evaluation (three, seven, and 14 days). The rats were diabetes- induced by intraperitoneal application of Aloxana (120mg / kg) and then anesthetized for holding the punch of 9.0 mm in the dorsal thoracic vertebrae. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. Macroscopically, animals treated with Calendula 6 CH and Chitosan Spray had their wounds healed in a shorter time when compared to the CG. Microscopically, we observed that the Calendula 6 CH was able to promote increased recruitment of mononuclear cells present in fibroplasia in the initial healing stage and promote formation of thick dense connective tissue and organized at the end of 14 days, demonstrating superiority to the control group and to the Chitosan group. The Chitosan Spray was effective and superior in optimizing wound healing compared to the control group.
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    AÇÃO DA CLORPROMAZINA EM RINS DE CÃES SUBMETIDOS À ISQUEMIA E REPERFUSÃO
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-09-19) MENEZES, Liliana Borges de; ARAÚJO, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928
    Renal ischemia is present in different situations such as vascular or kidney surgery and also in renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal function in dogs submitted to ischemia and reperfusion after chlorpromazine application. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were distributed into two groups with six animals: group A - ischemia and reperfusion without previous administration of chlorpromazine; group B - ischemia and reperfusion treated previously with chlorpromazine. Blood and urine samples were harvested in four different times: before ischemia, at the beginning of reperfusion, 120 minutes after of reperfusion and every week until postsurgical day 28 in order to check the possible ischemia/reperfusion late effect. Renal function was evaluated by clinical examination, serum urea and creatinine levels and urinary GGT activity. PU/CU and urinary activity of GGT were more sensitive for detecting acute tubular injury then routine urine examination, because these variables showed earlier alterations. It was not possible to verify the chlorpromazine protective action through urinalysis, creatinine and urea serum levels, excretion of GGT urinary and urine protein:creatinine ratio.
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    Ação de um novo protótipo anti-hipertensivo (LASSBio-897) sobre o sistema cardiovascular de gatos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-05-29) Santos Junior, Marcelo Borges dos; Oliveira, Valéria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5593911382353878; Alves, Rosângela de Oliveira; Tárraga, Kátia Mitsube; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti
    Systemic hypertension (SH) is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. It is a disease of often late detection due to its slow evolution and silence. Both, cats and man, SH is characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure (BP). The main consequences of SH are injuries in major organs, such as eyes, brain, kidneys, and heart. In order to avoid major problems generated by SH, researches have been conducted to identify new molecules capable to control SH. Recently a new prototype (LASSBio-897), was developed by the laboratory of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), which demonstrated significant vasodilation activity in rats. For a better understanding of these prototype, pre-clinical studies are needed in another specie, witch will serve to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of the molecule. Therefore it is necessary, obeying the toxicological profile of the prototype, to pre-establish and administrate doses to another specie, in these case cats. In order to identify possible cardiovascular effects some complementary exams are needed, such as electrocardiogram, echodopplercardiogram and blood pressure measurement, besides it`s necessary to identify possible toxicity effects, so hematological exams are also needed, such as hemogram and serum biochemical. The aim of the study was to prove vasodilator effect induce by LASSBio-897 in cats. This effect was seen specially for the smallest dose of LASSBio-897 proposed.
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    Ação de um novo protótipo anti-hipertensivo (LASSBio897) sobre o sistema cardiovascular de cães
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-02-26) Nasciutti, Priscilla Regina; Oliveira, Valéria de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6300240031300604; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3900110295277130; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Viana, Fernando Antonio Bretas; Lima, Aline Maria Vasconcelos
    In dogs, as in humans, arterial hypertension is characterized by an excessive increase of systemic blood pressure which can cause renal, ocular, neurological and cardiac lesions. Currently, five classes of antihypertensive agents are commonly used. A drug prototype (LASSBio 897) capable of promoting vasodilation effects was developed and became a possible alternative for new therapeutic strategy. The main goal of this study was to investigate its vasodilatory effect, as well as to identify possible changes in clinical, cardiovascular, renal and hepatic functions. Six adult and healthy beagle dog were used. They received oral doses of 0.5mg/kg, 1.0mg/kg and 2.0mg/kg of LASSBio 897 and 0.5mg/kg of benazepril, as a positive control. Assessments of liver and kidney function, doppler echocardiographic and electrocardiographic examinations and blood pressure measurements, were performed. No clinical changes suggesting acute toxicity were observed and all measured parameters were within the normal values for canine species. Blood pressure values decreased gradually until time of 120min, in which its lowest value was observed (120.58mmHg), among the three studied doses, similar to that observed with benazepril. No hypotension or arrhythmias were observed. In echocardiography, values of stroke volume and cardiac output were lower than those described as normal for the species, with averages that decreased until time of 240min. In conclusion the oral administration of the prototype LASSBio 897, in single doses, causes vasodilation and is safe since no significant changes in haematological, renal and hepatic biochemical evaluations were observed, as well as in urinary review. The prototype does not cause side effects, hypotension or abnormal heart rhythms.
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    Ação do LASSBio 294 sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares em modelo experimental de cardiomiopatia dilatada em coelhos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-12-16) Costa, Ana Paula Araújo; Moura, Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8773201078957745; Oliveira, Valéria de; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5593911382353878; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Passos, Andréa Cintra Bastos Tôrres; Tárraga, Kátia Mitsube; Lima, Aline Maria Vasconcelos; Araújo , Eugênio Golçalves de
    Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that culminates in dilatation of the left ventricle, or both, and myocardial contractile dysfunction. The clinical phase of the disease is characterized by congestive heart failure signs (CHF), with or without arrhythmias. The treatment involves the use of drugs aimed at reducing the signs of CHF and arrhythmias, with diuretics, positive inotropic, vasodilator and antiarrhythmic. A new drug candidate (LASSBio 294), capable of promoting combined positive inotropic and vasodilating effects, has recently been developed, and have been tested in pre-clinical study in healthy Beagle dogs with promising results. Therefore, this study proposed to verify the action of the drug prototype LASSBio 294, at a dose of 2mg/Kg on cardiovascular parameters of rabbits with DCM experimentally induced by doxorubicin, using as positive control the pimobendan at a dose of 0.3mg/kg. The DCM was induced by intravenous administration of 1 mg/kg of doxorubicin, at a concentration of 2mg/ml, twice a week, for three weeks, and then weekly until it reached fractional shortening less or equal to 25%. As methods of evaluating the LASSBio 294 action on the cardiovascular system of rabbits and monitor the induction of DMC, the following tests were performed: electrocardiography, echodopplercardiography, measurement of blood pressure, chest radiograph, dosage of cardiac lesions, and kidney and liver function biomarkers and hematologic evaluation. At the end of the induction protocol the animals were randomly divided into two groups A (LASSBio 294) and B (pimobendan) and underwent treatment for 30 days, twice a day. At the end of the study it was concluded that the DCM model induced by doxorubicin is a good model to study the disease and its consequences, leading to systolic and diastolic dysfunction with dilatation of the left ventricle. However the time for induction of DCM is inaccurate and the occurrence of multisystemic toxicity, such as nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression, contributes to high mortality rate in this model (35%). It can be concluded that LASSBio 294 is effective in increasing systolic function, improving diastolic function, without altering rabbits blood pressure, has no pro-arrhythmogenic or toxic effect, and reduced the serum creatinine concentration of the animals, but it does not prevent the evolution of the congestive condition.
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    Ação Neuroprotetora do Extrato Etanólico da Casca de Pequi em Cérebros de Ratos Submetidos à Isquemia de Reperfusão
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011-03-24) MIGUEL, Marina Pacheco; BRITO, Luiz Augusto Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3212353728321020; FIORAVANTI, Maria Clorinda Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772502020076257; ARAÚJO, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928
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    Ácidos graxos ômega 3 na dieta de cães com doença valvar mitral
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-02-23) Nasciutti, Priscilla Regina; Borges, Naida Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9181279951885005; Martins, Danieli Brolo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2159963349521553; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5593911382353878; Carvalho, Rosângela de Oliveira Alves; Pereira Neto, Gláucia Bueno; Passos, Andréa Cintra Bastos Torres; Damasceno, Adilson Donizeti; Lima, Aline Maria Vasconcelos
    Mitral valve disease (MVD) is characterized by thickening in the valvular leaflets and may lead to heart failure. Pharmacological treatment of the disease with vasodilators, positive inotropes and diuretics is used in conjunction with dietary management. Omega 3 (ω-3) supplementation has been associated with modulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, improvement of Doppler echocardiography, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and antidysiphyde effects. In the absence of prospective clinical studies, the objective was to evaluate the influence of ω-3 supplementation in dogs with MVD. For this purpose, 41 dogs were followed up every three months for 12 months by means of clinical evaluation, BP measurement, electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, chest radiography, laboratory tests, dosages of inflammatory mediators and cardiac biomarker. The dogs were classified in stages B1, B2 and C, according to the ACVIM consensus. Dogs were randomly divided into the ω-3 group, which received food for dogs with heart diseases supplemented with ω-3 and control group (even food without supplementation). In stage B1 only dogs from the ω-3 group were evaluated. At the end of 12 months, no changes were observed in the parameters evaluated. In dogs stage B2 and C, there was an increase in the serum levels of inflammatory mediators, in a larger amplitude in the control group. The ω-3 preserved body condition score, muscle condition score and reduced by 2.96 times the chance of developing arrhythmias. The DIVEdN and VHS measurements were higher in the control group and correlated with NTproBNP cardiac biomarker concentrations. It is concluded that the supplementation with ω-3 in patients in classes B2 and C, maintains the body condition, helps reduce volume overload, has an antiarrhythmic effect and keeps dogs with MVD in the firsts stages of the disease.
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    Ácidos orgânicos e fitase em rações para leitões desmamados
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-20) Ruffino, Luciana Moura; Stringhini, José Henrique; Silva, Paulo César; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Farias, Leonardo Atta; Coelho, Karyne Oliveira; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora
    This study aimed to evaluate the performance in the pre-initial phase (6.7 kg to 15.0 kg), initial phase (15 kg to 25 kg), and in the total period (6.7 kg to 25 kg) as well as the digestibility and metabolism coefficients in pre-initial phase (6.7 kg to 15.0 kg) and initial phase (15 kg to 25 kg). The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks. ANOVA was performed and means were compared by Tukey test at 10 % confidence. We used 120 animals, four animals per experimental unit and five replications, to assess performance, and 48 piglets, each animal representing an experimental unit with four replications, to evaluate digestibility,. The treatments were as follows: 1 - control with Pd available at 0.4%; 2 - Pd reduced to 0.15%; 3 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg; 4 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg and 0.3% butyric acid; 5 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg and 0.75% benzoic acid; 6 - Pd reduced to 0.15%, plus 1,000 FYT/kg, 0.3% butyric acid, and 0.75% benzoic acid. The variables studied in performance test were as follows: daily weight gain, total weight gain, daily feed intake, total feed intake and feed conversion rate in the pre-initial and initial phases, and the total period. For the assessment of digestibility and metabolization coefficients we used the method of total collection of faeces and urine. The analyzed variables were apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus in the pre-initial and initial phases. We studied the metabolization coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy, calcium and phosphorus in the pre-initial and initial phases. In the pre-initial and initial phases and in the total period the best performance results were obtained when piglets were fed a diet containing benzoic acid and phytase. In the pre-initial phase, calcium digestibility was higher in piglets that ingested diet with reduced phosphorus and diet with phytase. In the initial phase, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract were lower for the animals fed diets with phytase, benzoic acid and butyric acid. In both phases there was no difference in the metabolization coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus. We concluded that the tested additives improved the performance of piglets from 6.7 kg to 25,0 kg live weight.
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    Ácidos orgânicos no controle de Salmonella Enteritidis em frangos de corte desafiados experimentalmente com Salmonella Enteritidis e Eimeria tenella
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009-03-27) CALAÇA, Gracinda Mariana; ANDRADE, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; LEANDRO, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; CAFÉ, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158
    This experiment was carried out using 504 one-day-old Hubbard female chicks, in order to evaluate the effect of a mixture of organic acids added to the ration, on the control of Salmonella in birds experimentally confronted with S. enteritidis and S. enteritidis associated with Eimeria tenella. The birds were distributed following a totally randomized sequence in factorial way 3x2, added or not the organic acid to the ration and the presence of challenge with S. enteritidis and E. tenella, isolated S. enteritidis or without challenge at all, totalizing six treatments with six repetitions each one, using 14 birds by experimental unit. The statistic data was analyzed using the program SAS, adopted to compare the averages, the Tukey test (quantitative variables) and Kruskal-Wallis (qualitative variables) to p< 0,05. The birds that received organic acid enriched ration had improvement in the performance at 7, 21 and 28 days. The birds inoculated only with S. enteritidis and the birds inoculated with S. Enteritidis and E. tenella presented worse levels of zootecnic performance (p<0,05) at 21, 28 and 35 days of life. The spleen weight and the thin intestine and cecum pH were not influenced (p>0,05) by the addition of organic acids to the ration. All the treatments challenged with S. enteritidis and which received acids presented minor frequency of bacteria isolation in the analyzed organs. It was also observed a reduction on the number of oocists of E. tenella in the excretes and in the cecum content in the treatments which had organic acids, as well as reduction of intestinal damage scores caused by infection with E. tenella. The organic acids promoted improvement on the zootecnic performance on cut chicken, improving intestinal health with positive consequences on control of S. enteritidis together with Eimeria tenella
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    Adição de água em rações para suínos em crescimento e terminação
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-05-21) FARIAS, Leonardo Atta; STRINGHINI, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; SILVA, Paulo César; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4162443606090063; NUNES, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404
    In this research, three experiments were conducted. The first and the second ones were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding water to mash rations on nutrient digestibility, energy performance, water intake and excrement quality of pigs at the growing and finishing phases(the evaluation of carcass traits was performed), respectively. Finally, a last experiment was carried out to evaluate the proliferation of fungi in the diets of finishing pigs with different levels of water addition and at different storage times. The variables analyzed in the first two experiments were nutrients and energy digestibility and metabolism, nitrogen balance, moisture rate, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus, and performance variables. For the second trial, the carcass traits were also evaluated after slaughtering. In the third experiment, the number of fungal colony-forming units in the diets was evaluated with and without the use of antifungal and at different storage times. The addition of water to pig diets at growing-finishing phases does not influence the apparent nutrient digestibility, or the performance of the animals when they are fed twice a day. There is a reduction of fresh water intake, and of phosphorus excretion. Carcass composition was not affected. The addition of water to the diets of pigs in the finishing phase increases the production of fungi over storage time.
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    Adição de enzimas em dietas com diferentes fontes de proteína para frangos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014-09-18) Fortes, Bruno Duarte Alves; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Bertechini, Antonio Gilberto; Brito, Jerônimo Ávito Gonçalves de; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros de; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa
    Three experiments were perfomed in order to evaluate the addition of an enzymatic complex containing xylanase, amylase, and protease to rations with different protein sources for broilers through the true digestibility of amino acids, metabolization of nutrients and performance of animals. The first experiment was a completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replications. Birds were subjected to a five days adaptation period to experimental diets and the diets were as follows: one diet free of protein (DFP), and eight DFP diets with tested feedstuffs to replace corn starch. The true digestibility coefficient of essential amino acids, corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate, bovine dried plasma and viscera meal were measured at seven and 21 days of age. The digestibility coefficient of essential amino acids at seven and 21 days of age were as higher (p<0.05) for the treatments with enzymatic complex and for the digestibility of essential amino acids the coefficients were higher (p<0.05), only at seven days of age, for corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate and viscera meal. It was possible to conclude that the addition of xylanase, amylase and protease improved the digestibility of amino acids, regardless of the ingredient and the age of the animals. The second study was a metabolism experiment conducted to determine the coefficient of apparent metabolism of dry matter (CAMDM), crude protein (CAMCP), ether extract (CAMEE) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of feed for broilers with different protein feedstuffs, such as corn gluten meal (60%), soybean protein concentrate, viscera meal and bovine dried plasma, associated with enzymatic complex. A completely randomized design with nine treatments (one reference diet, and eight diets with inclusion of tested feedstuffs with or without addition of enzymatic complex) and five replicates was used, with ten birds in the pre-starter diet and six birds in the initial diet. Tested feedstuffs replaced 40% reference diet. The use of enzymatic complex in pre-starter diets was effective (p<0.05) while improving CAMDM for soybean protein concentrate, CAMCP for soybean protein concentrate and bovine dried plasma and AMEn for bovine dried plasma. For the initial phase, only AMEn bovine dried plasma was affected (p<0.05) by the inclusion of xylanase, amylase and protease. The supplementation of xylanase, amylase and protease improved CAMDM and CAMCP in diets containing soybean protein concentrate as its main source of protein and CAMCP diets containing bovine dried plasma at seven days age, even more enzymatic complex was effective while increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of diets containing bovine dried plasma. The third experiment was proposed to evaluate broiler performance using xylanase, amylase and protease in diets formulated with different protein ingredients. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and six replicates with 30 birds per cage was used. Treatments were as follows: T1- basal diet with 6% corn gluten meal (60%); T2- basal diet with 6% corn gluten meal (60%) and enzymatic complex; T3- basal diet with 6% soybean protein concentrate; T4- basal diet with 6% soybean protein concentrate and the enzymatic complex; T5- basal diet with 6% viscera meal; T6- basal diet with 6% viscera meal and the enzymatic complex; T7- basal diet with 5% bovine dried plasma; T8- basal diet with 5% bovine dried plasma and the enzymatic complex. No differences were observed (p>0.05) among treatments on feed intake throughout the experiment (1-42 days); however, weight gain, feed conversion and average weight of the birds were affected (p<0.05). Treatments with vegetable protein sources supplemented with enzymes produced an average reduction in the values of feed conversion and an increase in mean weight of 6.24 and 4.87% for diets containing corn gluten meal (60%) and 6.66 and 4.52% for diets containing soybean protein concentrate, respectively. Diets containing protein sources of animal origin and the inclusion of enzymatic complex (xylanase, amylase and protease) reduced the average values of feed conversion and increased the average weight: 5.88 and 4.57% for diets containing bovine dried plasma and 7.14 and 6.34% for diets containing viscera meal, respectively. The inclusion of enzymatic complex was effective while improving the average values for weight gain, feed conversion and average weight during 1-42 days of age.
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    Aditivos fitogênicos para frangos de corte experimentalmente inoculados com Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012-02-24) Barnabé, Ana Caroline de Souza; Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra e; Stringhini, José Henrique; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9441751521255467; Andrade, Maria Auxiliadora; Racanicci, Aline Mondini Calil; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez
    In this study, 300 1 day-old male Cobb chicks were used to evaluate, with the objective of evaluating the effects of phytogenic additives on performance, gut integrity and immune system of broilers inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). The birds were divided into five treatments with six repetitions each. Treatment (Ttm) 1 - group inoculated orally with 0.1 mL of sterile buffered saline 0.85% (placebo), Ttm 2 - phytogenic received additives in the feed at a dosage of 0.10 kg/ton feed of the initial age until 35 days (Contr. FA); Ttm 3 - group inoculated orally with 0.5 mL of buffered saline 0.85%, containing approximately 5.0X105 CFU/0.5mL Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis (Contr. positive SE); Ttm 4 - group inoculated orally with 0,5 mL of buffered saline 0.85%, containing approximately 5.0X105 CFU/0.5mL of SE and received as antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP) bacitracin methylene disalicylate at a dosage of 55 ppm in the feed until 35 days of age (SE + AGP); Ttm 5 - group inoculated orally with 0.5 mL of buffered saline 0.85%, containing approximately 5.0X105 CFU/0.5 mL SE received phytogenic additives in the feed at a dosage of 0.10 kg/ton of feed of 1 to 35 days old (SE + FA). Performance was evaluated and six birds for treatment were weighed, sacrificed and the pH of the gastrointestinal tract was measured. Fragments were collected duodenum and jejunum to histomorphometric analysis, morphometric lymphocyte count. There was significant difference in the period 1-35 of the experiment the average weight and weight gain of groups without microbial challenge, and feed conversion in the group feed with phytogenic. We observed greater higher villus height to 14 days in the duodenum and greater villus:crypt to the group that received phytogenic The pH was influenced by the AGP in the colon and caecum. There was no significant effect of treatment on biometry of organs and Salmonella groups. There was lymphoid depletion in spleen, bursa and caecal tonsils was variable, with a predominance of mild and moderate depletion. It is concluded that the additives phytogenic control the effects of SE in broilers as expressed in the performance, especially in the feed conversion, and histomorphometric of the intestine, although it has not prevented the migration of the SE for the lymphoid organs, as well as not stimulate the proliferation of lymphoid cells in broilers.
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    Aditivos nas rações de leitões e seus efeitos no intestino delgado
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-12-13) Kamimura, Regis; Lopes, Eurípedes Laurindo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9481015142857768; Beletti, Marcelo Emílio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1895300906751714; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4335133347523404; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Coelho, Humberto Eustáquio; Roner, Márcia Nunes Bandeira; Pôrto, Regiane Nascimento; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar
    Gut microbiota is changed by various factors, being the diet which has the highest influence, as well as the modulating additives of the microbiome. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of growth promoting additives in the diet on the percentage of goblet cells with acid and neutral mucin in small intestine of pigs, the percent of gut cells in proliferation by the technique of immunohistochemistry by PCNA, to certify and quantify the presence of Paneth’s cells by specific staining and by immunohistochemistry, since that cell has a great importance in the immunity and in the gut microbiota. The experiment was conducted in a certified swine breeding farm (CSBF), applying the CRD (completely randomized design). Four hundred and eighty castrated male piglets were used, in five treatments, with ten piglets by cage, eight repetitions, and in the basal treatment 16 repetitions were used, being T1=basal diet, denominated negative control, T2=T1+antimicrobial agent, T3=T1+probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, T4=T1+prebiotic MOS, T5=T1+probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae + the prebiotic MOS. The diet was based on corn and soybean meal plus a supplement of minerals and vitamins. There were changes with higher increase in quantity of goblet cells, calculated by millimeter of gut mucosa with neutral mucus compared to those with acid mucus and to the negative control. There were no expressive changes for cells with acid mucus. The percentage of proliferating cells in small intestine by the immunehistochemistry technique for PCNA did not show significant changes and the presence of Paneth’s cells was confirmed by special staining and by immunehistochemistry. The quantity of Paneth’s cells of duodenum changed according to additives used, in comparison with the negative control which had a greater quantity. With the addition of antimicrobial agent there was a lesser quantity. With the prebiotics and synbiotics occurred milder reduction and this suggests that immunomodulation occurred. Besides promoting a better gut health due to a healthier and more appropriate microbiota to the rearing of piglets in the nursery phase, the addition of growth promoters in feeds favors significant gains and can be recommended, since the results are compensatory in productivity.
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    Aditivos proteicos sequestrantes de umidade na ensilagem de gramíneas tropicais
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-04) Antonio, Patricia; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783397P6; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4780738U3; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761394J4; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Santos, Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos; Araújo Neto, Francisco Ribeiro de; Guimarães, Katia Cylene; Couato, Victor Resende Moreira
    The animal production potential grows fast and food production is always being challenged to meet this need in the nutrition as well as in the economic context. Forage plants are the basis of the diet of ruminants in most production systems in tropical regions. Forage availability varies during the year depending on weather conditions. It turns necessary to have stored forage to supplement the animals. Silage is the most widely used form of stored forage. The tropical grasses ensiling is an alternative to traditional silage crops because it can be used the surplus produced in the rainy season. However, the fermentation process can be altered by many factors, making difficult the production of good quality silage so there is the need of using additives as a means of improving the nutritional and fermentative quality of these types of silages. Thus, this study aimed to use moisture sequestering additives: soybean, canola, sunflower and cotton meal, in the production of B. brizantha silage in order to improve the nutritional value, fermentative value, degradability and digestibility of these silages, thus obtaining information about alternative materials for the production of good quality silage. The experiment was carried out a part in experimental PVC silos and estimated the bromatologic parameters, effluent and gas losses, N-NH3, pH, titratable acidity, protein fractions and silage degradability, and the other part in experimental silos with a capacity of 200 kg to evaluate the performance of sheep fed with these silages through intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients, metabolic and rumen parameters of these animals. The silages of Brachiaria brizantha with sequestering moisture additives were effective in keeping concentrations of plasma metabolic and ruminal profile parameters within the reference levels, increasing the readily soluble A fraction and decreasing the C protein fraction consequently improving the ruminal degradability, and reducing the silage losses. Therefore it is recommended its use as an alternative to ruminant nutrition.
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    Ambiência, características uterinas ovarianas, produção e composição do leite de primíparas da raça Holandesa (pc) criadas no bioma Cerrado
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013-09-27) Bilego, Ubirajara Oliveira; Brasil, Ipojucan de Goiás; Viu, Marco Antônio de Oliveira; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia G.; Meirinhos, Maria Lúcia G.; Malaquias Junior, João Darós; Leão, Karen Martins; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; Lopes, Dyomar Toledo
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental characteristics on production and milk composition and reproductive activity of primiparous Holstein (PC) race. The experiments were carried out in the Rio whiting, located in Rio Verde, Goiás state Southwest region of the city has two well-defined periods, the rainy season (PCh) (October to April) and dry (PS) (May to September). In the first experiment aimed to evaluate environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity (RH) and rainfall to estimate Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) in two seasons. The experimental period included the PW during the months of January to April 2011 and the PS to the months of May to August 2012. Through the climate data we calculated the (UTI) by the formula described in NRC (1971). The results showed differences in the variables, minimum, average temperature RH, precipitation and ITU, with higher values for PW. In the second experiment, we used 72 primiparous cows of Holstein breed (PC), aged 24 to 30 months, divided into two experimental groups, with 36 in the PS group and 36 in the PW group. We evaluated the yield and the content of fat, protein, total solids (EST) and defatted (ESD) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). The experimental design was completely randomized in two periods of measurements (rainy and dry season). There were no differences between the dry and rainy periods for milk production. The values of proximate composition of milk were all different between periods. Values of fat, protein, EST and ESD were higher (P ˂ 0.01) during the dry period. The warmer and more humid the year (PW) time had a direct effect on milk composition of primiparous Holstein evaluated. In experiment III, evaluated the effects of seasonality on ovarian structure and uterine involution in primiparous Holstein (PC). We used 72 primiparous cows , aged 24 to 30 months , divided into two experimental groups , with 36 in the PS group and 36 in the PW group. The gynecological exams started from 20 to 25 days postpartum and followed weekly until there were two repeated readings of the size and symmetry of the uterus or of estrus. We used vaginoscópio and ultrasound apparatus for uterine and ovarian reviews. The uterus was evaluated for soundness, size, disposition and presence of content. The ovaries were evaluated for size, presence of follicles, size of follicles, presence and size of corpora lutea. There were differences in the average size of follicles and corpora lutea between the PS and PCh, with smaller follicular and luteal averages in PS. The size of the uterus did not differ at the time of the complete uterine involution. Cows in PS showed the most closed at the time of the assessment and uterine horns closer to the complete symmetry cervical canal. It was concluded that primiparous Holstein, the management reviews take longer to complete uterine involution in PW than in PS.
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    Amblyomma sculptum: identificação de alomônio em hospedeiro resistente (equus asinus) e olfatometria para candidatos à semioquímicos
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-12-21) Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; Fernandes, Éverton Kort Kamp; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4707291J3; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723297J0; Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira; Louly, Carla Cristina Braz; Szabó, Matias Pablo Juan; Monteiro, Caio Marcio de Oliceira; Cotta, Viviane Rodrigues Zeringóta
    Amblyomma sculptum is a tick that has medical-veterinary importance and parasites a variety of hosts like capybaras, horses and humans. The tick control is a challenge due the disadvantages caused by conventional control so an alternative is desirable. Semiochemicals are potencial tools to be used once they modulate tick behavior and the use of pheromones, kairomones as well as the use of non-host species (allomones) to control ticks has already been demonstrated. Some semiochemicals have already been described in the literature that could act in A. sculptum behavior. It is also known that donkeys (Equus asinus) are more resistant to the parasitism of this tick specie than horses (Equus caballus). For this, four concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25%) of 15 semiochemical candidates (CO2 only at 5%, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, nonanoic acid, nonanal, salicylic acid, 2.6 diclorophenol, R-limonene, S-limonene, methyl salicylate, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, ammonium hydroxide, isobutyric acid and lactic acid) were tested in non fed A. sculptum nymphs and adults using a Y-tube olfactometer. And here we investigated if donkeys could produce compounds that can act as repellent to A. sculptum. The CO2 was attractive to all stages tested. Nymphs were repelled by benzaldehyde and R-limonene both at 10% and isobutyric acid at 10 and 5%. Were attracted by methyl salicylate, benzoic acid and salicylic acid all at 1.25% and ammonium hydroxide at 2.5%. Males were attracted by benzoic acid at 2.5%. Females were repelled by benzaldehyde at 5%. Mixtures with the attractive compounds were done but no attraction was observed. The compounds that caused attractiveness in the olfactometer assay (CO2, methyl salicylate, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and ammonium hydroxide) were taken to the field and traps with these compounds were placed in a pasture naturally infested with A. sculptum ticks. The dry ice (CO2) is still the best substance to attract ticks in the field (p>0.05). To verify if non hosts produce repellents volatiles, odors from donkeys and horses were extracted from the dry sebum extract. So the compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry. Five main compounds were identified in both species being two predominant on horses: ethyl decanoate and ethyl octanoate, three predominant on donkeys hexanal, heptanal and trans-2-decenal. One compound trans-2-octenal occurring almost exclusively on donkeys was also identified and donkeys produced an average of 12,398 μg.mg-1. In olfactometer tests only the trans-2-octenal was repellent at different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25M). When an attractive substance (ammonium hydroxide) was added, the compound still repellent. The results indicated that benzoic acid should be further investigated since their results as attractant in laboratory and field. The isobutyric acid and R-limonene should be better exploited because of the repellent role presented in the behavioral test. And that the semiochemical identified here could be used to interfere in tick behavior and is therefore a potential compound to be transformed in a new technology to control A. sculptum.
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    Análise anatomo-funcional dos músculos do antebraço e a citoarquitetura do neocórtex occipital de Cebus libidinosus
    (Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010-06-10) PRADO, Yandra Cássia Lobato do; FERREIRA, Tales Alexandre Aversi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101341437463729; DAMASCENO, Adilson Donizeti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3900110295277130; ARAÚJO, Eugênio Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3919777570059928
    Primates are known for larger brain size, enhanced handling and cognitive abilities and increasingly complex social behavior. Many studies have been conducted with the neotropical primates of the genus Cebus, known as capuchin monkey, regarding their behavior, tool use, encephalization index and memory. These studies are justified because these primates present high cognitive faculty and other biological characteristics that make them similar to Old World primates. This thesis rendered possible the production of two articles. The first one is entitled Anatomical description of the extensor muscles of the forearm associated with cognition and tool use in Cebus libidinosus . In this article, a comparative analysis between the anatomy of the forearm muscle of this genus and that the one of other primates that, individually or jointly, act in the hands allowing more or less specialized movements of the fingers, relating them to the use of tools and to the cognitive aspects of Cebus spp. described in the literature. There were evident similarities between the extensor muscles in C. libidinosus primates and the correspondent muscles in humans and chimpanzees; however, there were differences when compared to baboons. The structure and differentiation of the forearm muscles of Cebus spp., together with its previously known encephalization index, corroborate the association between its manual ability and cognitive and behavioral aspects in primates. The second article is entitled "Cytoarchitecture of the occipital neocortex of Cebus libidinosus . Its purpose was to analyze the cytoarchitecture of the occipital cortex using the technique of Golgi-Cox, the qualitative and quantitative aspects provided by this technique of impregnation of neurons, and to compare them with data from the literature. Primary and secondary visual areas are located in the occipital neocortex, and in C. libidinosus, the histological organization of these areas is similar to humans and other primates and it is characterized by the predominance of granular neurons and the presence of transversal fibers in the fourth layer. Although the Golgi-Cox method allowed individual observation of neurons and their extensions, the weak distinction between neurons and glial cells impaired neuron counting. These data, nevertheless, will grant further cell density comparison of other cortical areas between Cebus spp. and other primates. Aiming to contribute to the foundations of studies related to the evolution of primate cognition, this study related morphology, as a science, to the numerous observations on the behavior of capuchin monkeys. The comparative approach to study the morphology of the musculoskeletal and neural apparatus of C. libidinosus will allow data inference in areas of cognitive science and related areas.