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Item Ácido guanidinoacético em dieta pré-inicial para frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-03-28) Borges, Kamilla Martins; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Rocha, Fernanda Rodrigues Taveira; Leandro, Nadja Susana MogycaCreatine is a substance that provides temporary energy. Guanidinoacetic acid (AGA) is a natural precursor of creatine, and can be added to feeds. The AGA provided acts as an energetic substrate with lower protein degradation with amino acid shift for gluconeogenesis, improving the initial performance of the birds. To evaluate the AGA in broiler chicken diet, an experiment was carried out using rations formulated for the pre-initial phase. Treatments consisted of a basal diet without AGA and rations with 0.10 and 0.20% AGA. A total of 252 male cutting chicks, distributed in a completely randomized design (DIC), with seven replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit were used. Feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated at seven, 14 and 21 days of age. Six days later, blood samples were collected for the determination of creatinine, creatine kinase (CK) and glucose and two metabolism tests were performed one at three and the other at 17 days of age. Data were submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA and the means were compared by the Tukey test. In the period of 1 to 7 days, an improvement in the feed conversion of animals receiving 0.20% AGA was observed. In the period from 7 to 14 days there was improvement in feed conversion and tending to improve the weight gain of the animals that received 0.20% AGA. There was no cumulative effect of AGA use on experimental rations fed to broiler chickens from 1 to 7 days of age on performance up to 21 days of age. Blood creatinine values at six days of life did not show significant differences. Animals that received 0.20% AGA presented higher CK blood concentration than the other treatments. The blood glucose concentration did not present statistical differences between treatments. The crude protein metabolism coefficient (CMPB) was increased within 3 to 7 days for animals receiving 0.20% AGA in the diet. There was no difference between treatments in the period from 17 to 21 days for the metabolization coefficient. The animals' intestinal weight and length did not show differences between treatments. Levels of 0.10 and 0.20% of AGA in the pre-starter diet improves weight gain and feed conversion over the period from 1 to 14 days of age in broilers.Item Ácido guanidinoacético para leitões(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-15) Teixeira, Karla Andrade; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Carvalho, Thony de Assis; Campos, Melissa Selaysin DiIn the search for improved animal performance, has been testing new substances and new products to be used as additives in feed. Creatine and their precursors are examples of such compounds used for improvement of animal productivity. The guanidinoacetic acid is a natural precursor of creatine that has been studied in order to verify their effects on animal performance. With the objective of verify whether supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid in diets could help save the arginine used for the synthesis of creatine, which can be diverted to protein synthesis, growth and development of the animal. 90 piglets weaned at 21 days of age were used. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design based on the initial weight of the animals, with five treatments (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% of inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid) six replicates and three animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets and water were fed ad libitum in the pre-initial I phase (21 -32 days old) and pre-initial II (33-42 days old), and the initial phase (43-63 days old). At 42 and 63 days old blood was collected from an animal for experimental unit to analyze creatinine and creatine kinase. They were analyzed daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion in phases pre-initial (21-42 days old), initial (43-63 days old) and the total duration of the experiment (21-63 days old). All variables were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. It was adopted α = 0.05 and considered trend between α 0,05 and 0,10. In the pre-initial phase (21-42 days), there was a tendency to parameter gain weight daily (P= 0,069), however daily feed intake and feed conversion were not affected significantly by the addition of different levels of guanidinoacetic acid in the diet. As for the blood variables, creatinine levels both at 42 as at 63 days were not significantly affected. For creatine kinase levels at 42 days there was a tendency (P = 0.077), but after 63 days there were significant influences. In the initial phase (43-63 days) and total experimental period (21-63 days) were no significant effects of the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid, both for performance variables as for creatinine and creatine kinase.Item Adição de enzimas em dietas de frangos de corte a base de milho de diferentes qualidades(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-31) Andrade, Tiago Vieira de; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Carvalho, Genilson Bezerra de; Fortes, Bruno Duarte AlvesThe nutritional quality of stored corn grains is of paramount importance to formulate more efficient diets, given that corn grains with low nutritional value, trigger metabolic disturbances and consequently negative effects on the performance and use of nutrients in birds. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the addition of exogenous enzymes in diets of broilers based on corn kernels of different qualities. with 696 birds of the Cobb 500 strain. In experiments 1 and 3, with the purpose of evaluating performance at 1, 7, 21, 35 and 42 days of age and intestinal histomorphometry at 21 and 42 days of age, 600 chicks were used 1 day old males. In experiments 2 and 4, metabolism assays were carried out with 96 14-day old male chicks from experiment 1 and 3 to estimate the metabolizable energy values of corn of different qualities with the inclusion of exogenous enzymes and mycotoxin adsorbent in diets for broilers. In all experiments, a completely randomized design (DIC) was used, distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with experiment 1 and 2 being the addition or not of the XAP enzyme blend (Xylanase, Amylase and Protease) and two types of corn (types 1 and 3), and for experiment 3 and 4 with or without the addition of mycotoxin adsorbent and with or without the addition of the enzymatic blend. It was observed that the birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme had higher average weight and better feed conversion. It was observed that the birds that consumed diets containing enzyme showed better digestibility for the values of EMAn, EMA and CMMS in the period of 17 to 21 days. It was observed that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed better intestinal development for height of the jejunum and ileum up to 21 days of age. There was a reduction in uric acid and AST for birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme. There was a reduction (p <0.05) in LDH for birds that consumed type 1 corn. There was a higher (p <0.05) average weight for birds that consumed diets containing enzyme and adsorbent in the period from 1 to 7 days . In conclusion, it can be said that birds that consumed type 1 corn with enzyme showed good performance, carcass yield, use of nutrients and intestinal development.Item Aditivos antimicrobianos e inclusão de fibra em dietas de milho grão inteiro para bovinos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-09) Lemos, Barbara Juliana Martins; Castro, Flávio Geraldo Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7651676206685012; Couto, Victor Rezende Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4329309889502866; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; Oliveira Júnior, Reinaldo Cunha de; Lima, Milton Luiz Moreira; Melo, Heloisa Helena de CarvalhoThe objective of this study was evaluate the effects of antimicrobial feed additives and inclusion of pelleted sugarcane crop residue (SCR) as a fiber source in whole shelled corn (WSC)-based finishing diets (85% WSC + 15% pelleted concentrate, DM basis) on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation and eating behavior of zebu cattle. Growth performance trials were conducted in randomized block design, and metabolical trials were conducted in Latin Square design using ruminally fistulated steers. In the antimicrobial feed additives studies, 100 bulls were fed for 101 d in Exp. 1 to evaluate the treatments M30 (30 mg of monensin [M]/kg DM), V25 (25 mg of virginiamycin [V]/kg DM), M20V25 (M 20 mg/kg DM + V 25 mg/kg DM), F4 (4.4 mg of flavomycin [F]/kg DM), and M20F2 (M 20 mg/kg DM + F 2.2 mg/kg DM); and in the Exp. 2 (Latin Square 7 × 7) were evaluate the same 5 treatments of Exp. 1 plus 2 additional treatments: M30V25 (M 30 mg/kg DM + V25 mg/kg DM) and M20F4 (M 20 mg/kg DM + F 4.4 mg/kg DM). In the SCR studies, 80 bulls were fed diets with 0, 3, 6, and 9% SCR (DM basis; SCR-0, SCR-3, SCR-6, and SCR-9, respectively) for 103 d in Exp. 1; and in the Exp. 2 (5 × 5 Latin Square) were evaluated the inclusion of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% of SCR (DM basis; SCR-0, SCR-3, SCR-6, SCR-9, and SCR-12, respectively). In the antimicrobial feed additives studies growth performance (final BW, ADG in live weight basis, DMI, and G:F), carcass characteristics (HCW, ADG in carcass basis, carcass transfer, dressing percent, and 12th-rib-fat), apparent total tract DM, OM, CP, and NDF digestibility were similar among treatments. There were no treatment effects and no interaction of treatment × time in rumen fermentation responses (ruminal pH, rumen ammonia nitrogen, number of protozoa, and VFA). In the WSC study, inclusion of SCR linearly increased daily DMI up to 25% (P = 0.01). Dry matter intake, as percentage of BW, increased (P = 0.01) 0.06 percentage units with each 1% inclusion of SCR. Over the entire finishing period (d 0 to 103), there were trends for linearly increase final BW up to 3.3% (P = 0.10), and ADG up to 10.7% (P = 0.07) in response to dietary SCR levels, consequentially G:F tended (P = 0.07) to linearly decrease up to 10.2% with inclusion of SCR compared with CTL diet. Apparent total tract digestibility linearly decreased (P < 0.01) 30% for DM, 28% for OM, 45% for CP, and 61% for NDF, from CTL for SCR-12. No treatment effect and no interaction of treatment × time were observed on ruminal pH, concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen and VFA. Time spent eating, eating rate, and meal frequency were not affected by inclusion of SCR up to 12%. There was a quadratic response on meal size (P = 0.04). In summary, feeding isolated or combined antimicrobial feed additives to zebu cattle resulted in similar responses. Pelleted SCR seemed to be low fermentable and non-effective to stimulate rumination by cattle fed WSC-based finishing diet.Item Aditivos antimicrobianos e processamento de grão na terminação bovinos de corte confinados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017-02-17) Camilo, Fernando Rossi; Siqueira, Gustavo Rezende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9873354467031857; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Silva, Rodrigo Medeiros da; Oliveira Júnior, Reinaldo Cunha de; Pádua, João Teodoro; Ribeiro, Marinaldo DivinoThe experiment 1 objectives were to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of the virginiamycin (VM) and monensin sodium (MON) on performance, feed intake, feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and carcass characteristics of beef cattle fed with high concentrate diet, the experiment 2 had the objective evaluate ruminal parameter the bulls Nelore with use the isolated and combined effects of the virginiamycin (VM) and monensin sodium (MON) and the experiment 3 had the objective to determine the optimal moisture content for reconstituted ensiled corn grain, evaluating final moisture concentrations of 27%, 30%, 33%, and 36%. In Exp. 1, 339 crossbred bulls Nellore x Guzera; were used in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and seven replicates. The blocks were defined by initial body weight. The animals were allocated in group pens for 103d, including 28d adaptation period. Treatments were defined by levels of VM and MON (mg/kg of DM) as follows: 30MON; 15VM+30MON; 25VM+30MON; 34VM+ 30MON e 34VM. In the phase of adaptation was no statistical (P>0.05) in body weight initial, body weight final, and average daily gain. Already to dry matter intake have the statistical difference (P<0.05) to compare 30MON vs 34MON e 34VM vs 34VM+30MON, in the phase adaptation the dose association 34VM+30MON have the smaller dry matter intake. In Exp. 2, 15 Nellore bulls with ruminal cannula were used in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Animals were blocked by initial body weight. The animals were kept in individual pens for 35 days has received the same diet to Exp.1. The sample liquid ruminal was collected in days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for evaluation pH, VFA, N-NH3, and protozoan. After this period was realized the digestibility. The values of pH, NH3-N, and VFA were no differences (P>0.05) for contrast and linear and quadratic regression, except for acetic acid concentration that was difference (P<0.05). The protozoa concentration total had effect in contrast 34VM vs 34VM+30MON (P<0.05), being that the dose 34VM provide more concentration. In the Exp.3 sixty cattle (Bos taurus) were randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and 10 replicates was used. The treatments were corn grain reconstituted with water until they reach to final moisture concentrations of 27 (HMC27%), 30 (HMC30%), 33 (HMC33%), and 36% (HMC36%) and grains were allowed to ensile for 101 days. The steam-flaker corn and dry-rolled corn also were usually with treatment. Were no statistical difference (P<0.05) in performance the cattle confined for 89 days. Already in experiment in vitro the gas production the high moisture corn. To usually the high moisture corn in diet the cattle no increased the performance. Already the processing corn were availed in vitro, high moisture result in high fermentation and gas production.Item Aditivos fitogênicos e ionóforos na degradabilidade da fibra e parâmetro metabólicos em bovinos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-03-01) Almeida, Jean Sardinha de; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787019Y5; Padua, João Teodoro; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721189P8; Pádua, João Teodoro; Taveira, Rodrigo Zaiden; Miyagi, Eliane SayuriThe objective this paper was evaluate the inlcusion of crude extract of Croton urucurana Baillon or composed of essential oil of cashew and castorbean oil or monensin on the degradability of dry matter and fiber in vitro and dry matter in situ and fermentation ruminal metabolic parameters in beef cattle. The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB) and the School of Veterinary and Animal Science of the Federal University of Goiás – GO, from August 2015 until January 2016. There were four treatments through in vitro technique: control, monensin, Croton urucurana Baillon, biophytus (functional oil composed of cashew and castorbean), with five repetitions. Were evaluated the parameters of degradability of dry matter. Metabolic analysis and in situ was through four animals distributed in a Latin square, were measured glucose, urea, urea nitrogen in the blood, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, albumin, total bilirubin and factions, creatinine, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride and lactate dehydrogenase. Ruminal parameters were determined by protozoa count, ammonia nitrogen, pH, short chain fatty acids, bacterial reductive activity. The experimental design was completely at random. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments did not increase the IVDMD (P> 0.05). There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) of the treatments on in vitro degradation parameters of DM and NDF in all evaluated times. For MS degradability in situ parameters, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between treatments for soluble and effective degradation fraction with 2% by pass rate. The DM intake, had significant difference (P <0.05) between treatments, with lower consumption for monensin with admission was independent of diet type, either directly via the rumen cannula, it can be show that the lower consumption of diet with monensin supplementation is not by means of sensory but physiological and metabolic mechanisms. There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) for pH between treatments, but the collections after feeding was significant (P <0.05) monensin treatment, occurring up before feeding up two hours. Acetic acid levels were significant (P <0.05) for the hours of collection. The levels of butyric acid was affected by treatments (P <0.05) and not the hours of collection (P> 0.05). The concentrations of AST, GGT, LDH FA and was not affected by treatments (P> 0.05). The inclusion of essential oils, Croton urucurana Baillon and monensin in beef cattle diets hay base has not improved the evaluated parameters. The effective degradability of dry matter had better results with the inclusion of functional oils composed cashews and castorbeans. The intake was influenced by monensin and functional oil in addition the fuction of the two are similar, can be used one over the other.Item Aditivos fitogênicos na terminação de tourinhos nelore confinados(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018-07-13) Moreira, Kíria Karolline Gomes; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7949776443064259; Padua, João Teodoro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0308044304591375; Bilego, Ubirajara Oliveira; Neves Neto, José Tiago das; Silva, Maurícia Brandão da; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Padua, João TeodoroPhytogenic additives with action similar to ionophores can be used as alternatives to synthetic additives. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of phytogenic antimicrobial additives on performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and ruminal metabolic profile of Nellore bulls feedlot. In the first experiment, 114 Nellore steers (335.48 ± 25.70 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments: monensin; S. Adstrigens extract; essential oils blend; functional oils cashew, castor and copaiba on the growth performance and carcass. The diet consisted of 19.49% sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% concentrate (DM basis). DMI of animals receiving monensin (104 days feedlot) was 16.2% lower than the animals that consumed dry extract and 8.6% lower than the animals that received functional oils (P <0.001). Animals that consumed dry extract of S. adstrigens showed higher consumption of NDF (P <0.001). FBW (μ = 485.60 kg) and ADG (μ = 1.42 kg/d) were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). FE was better (P <0.05) for MON (0.184 kg/kg) than BBT and MOE. There was no difference (P>0.05) for carcass characteristics. The use of phytogenic additives in feed of confined cattle did not influence the carcass characteristics, but the use of monensin still provides better performance results. In the second experiment, was to evaluate the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients of a finishing diet with phytogenic additives. Five fistulated steers (initial BW = 275.40 ± 15.53 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design. Treatments were: no additive; monensin 30 mg/kg DM; extract of S. adstrigens 1.500 mg/kg DM; mixture of essential oils 118 mg/kg DM; mixture of functional oils from cashew, castor, and copaiba 250 mg/kg DM. The diet consisted on DM basis of 19.49% of sugarcane bagasse and 80.51% of concentrate with corn, soybean meal, urea and minerals. There were no effects (P>0.05) on nutrients intake, apparent digestibility concentration of VF, acetate:propionate ratio and concentration of NH3-N. Steers fed mixture of functional oils showed higher ruminal pH (6,75) than BBT (6,54; P <0.05). Phytogenic additives have the potential to replace synthetic antibiotics without penalizing the productive system of beef cattle.Item Alternativas para melhorar o desenvolvimento e a criotolerância de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-02-23) Marques, Thaisa Campos; Oliveira Filho, Benedito Dias de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6171669841505540; Martins, Carlos Frederico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1432343540761591; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4440003524956701; Gambarini, Maria Lúcia; Leão, Karen Martins; Biancardi, Manoel Francisco; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira e; Porto, Regiani Nascimento GagnoMelatonin treatment and blastocoel collapse had been suggested to be potent options to enhance embryo development and viability after cryopreservation of bovine embryos. The present study tested these alternatives with the aim to improve cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro. First, the effects of melatonin (MEL) were evaluated at three concentrations in Maturation Media (IVM) and/or Culture Media (IVC) (0, 10-7, 10-9, 10-11 M). The results showed that MEL10-9 in IVM could improve slightly the cleavage rate. However, when applied during IVC, MEL10-9 resulted in improved blastocysts rates and reduced numbers of apoptotic cells (NAC), a higher expression of antioxidative genes without changing the expression metabolism-related, placentation and anti-apoptotic genes. After, the MEL treatment giving the best result in first experiment (MEL 10-9 M in IVC) was combined with blastocoel collapse (BC) immediatly before vitrification. The survival and embryo quality were investigated. This experiment confirmed that independent of BC, MEL supplementation in IVC enhanced re-expansion and hatching rates of vitrified embryos. However, embryos cultured without MEL required more time during re-culture for all expansion. Embryos produced with MEL had similar NAC irrespective of vitrification and BC. BC did not affect embryo quality, in terms of the expression of genes involved in metabolism, oxidative stress, cell repair, placentation and implantation. Therefore, this research concluded that: (i) at 10-9 M concentration, MEL used during IVC improved embryo quality and development, and it minimized the oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells; (ii) embryos cultured with melatonin, vitrified and re-cultured can be transfered in less time; (iii) the blastocoel collapse benefited hatching when embryos were cultured with MEL in IVC; (iv) embryos cultured in IVC with MEL showed better quality and viability, and independently of BC. This information has a potential value for researchs on embryo cryotolerance.Item Análise multifatorial e preditores para características de importância econômica de matrizes suínas em granja multiplicadora(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-09-30) Leal, Guilherme Brunno de Medeiros; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Antunes, Robson Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7590358205144485; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782572407995106; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Cadavid, Verónica González; Leite, Carla Daniela Suguimoto; Masciol, Arthur dos SantosThe present work aimed to investigate the relationship between the productive characteristics and to identify the factors that affect the number of weaned piglets (NLD) per sow/year, the accumulated productivity in kilograms (kg) of weaned piglets (LD) per sow/year and the productive longevity of swine breeders in order to support the selection process of a breeding farm. In chapter 2, factor analyzes were performed in order to understand the relationship between the characteristics and multiple linear regression to identify the main predictor variables for the variables NLD per matrix/year and accumulated productivity in kg of LD per matrix/year. In chapter 3, the females were evaluated as to their longevity, according to two distinct stayability criteria, STAY1 and STAY2, which consider as longevity, respectively, the females that presented the number of live born piglets (NLNV) and kilogram of piglets weaned to the fourth parturition above the herd average. It was identified by the main latent factors that 55% variance between breeders on the farm is explained by the characteristics of maternal ability, piglet viability, fertility and perinatal mortality. The best regression models for prediction explained approximately 66% of the variation both for the NLD traits and for the total weight of weaned piglets adjusted for 21 days (PTD21), evidencing the characteristics number of stillborn piglets (NLNAT), number of dead piglets at birth (NLMN), mean piglet birth weight (PMN) and number of piglets weaned (NLD) with common explanatory factors. It was not possible to obtain a good predictive model for the characteristic mean weight of weaned piglets adjusted to 21 days (PD21) in the present study. The analysis of females by NLNV and PD21 categories indicated that sows that present NLNV below the herd average do not have the potential to exhibit an adequate accumulated production under the evaluated conditions of the farm. The best predictive models for female longevity by STAY1 criteria include age at first mating (IPC) and NLNV and for STAY2 it included only IPC. The prediction model proposed for STAY1 was more efficient (78%) than for STAY2 (55%). Selection for STAY1 can be performed with the NLNV of the first calving, while for STAY2 should preferably be performed later, by the accumulated NLD of the first three calvings. Survival analysis showed that by STAY1, females would be discarded later (8th parturition), when compared to STAY2 (6th parturition).Item Associação de xilanase, protease e dois níveis de fitase em dietas de frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-09-08) Rezende, Pedro Moraes; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Brito, Alexandre Barbosa de; Rodrigues, Sandra Iara Furtado Costa; Vieira, Bruno Serpa; Leite, Carla Daniela SuguimotoTwo trial were conducted at the School of Veterinary and Animal Science / UFG to evaluate the combination of xylanase, protease and two levels of phytase in diets of chickens from 1 to 42 days old. The experimental design of both experiments was completely randomized in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with two inclusions of phytase (750 FTU and 1500 FTU), xylanase (with and without xylanase) and protease (with and without protease). In the first trial, 1536 male Ross 308AP chicks were housed, raised in a floor shed with litter, until 42 days, consisting of 8 treatments, 6 replications of 32 birds. In the second experiment, 480 male chicks Cobb500 strain were housed, reared in batteries up to 42 days old, subjected to 8 treatments, 6 replications of 10 birds (1 to 21 days) and in the other phases (22 to 42 days) by 8 treatments, 5 replications of 4 birds. In the first trial, the use of xylanase or protease in diets with 750 FTU of phytase influenced the improvement in feed conversion of chickens at 42 days old. The use of xylanase promoved a higher chicken breast at 42 days. The use of 1500 FTU of phytase obtained higher thigh and drumstick yields. Diets containing xylanase and protease obtained higher wing yield. The use of 750 FTU of phytase and protease in the diet showed lower abdominal fat. Xylanase and protease in diets containing higher levels of phytase showed a higher content of dry matter and protein in the chicken breast. The increase in phytase dosage promoted an increase in mineral matter in the birds' breasts. There was an effect of protease in the diet in increasing the potassium content. The use of phytase and xylanase increased the zinc content in the breast. The inclusion of enzymes did not influence the metabolizability of chickens at 21 days. In the second experiment, the use of 1500 FTU of phytase associated with protease in the feed promoted improvement in the feed conversion of chicks at 7 days. The inclusion of 1500 FTU with xylanase in the diet increased weight gain in chickens at 41 days. Diets containing 750 FTU of phytase containing xylanase or protease showed an increase in the nitrogen metabolizability coefficient of chickens at 21 days. The highest level of phytase with protease in the diet promoted an increase in apparent metabolizable energy. The increase in the yield of chicken thigh + drumstick at 42 days was observed in diets with phytase containing protease in the diet. There was an increase in amino acids in the chemical composition of chicken breast at 21 days, observed in birds fed 1500 FTU of phytase. Effect also observed at 42 days, with the inclusion of 1500 FTU of phytase and protease in the diet. In the serum biochemical levels of chickens at 21 days of age, the increase in the dosage of phytase associated with xylanase and protease influenced the serum levels of globulin, total proteins, total and ionic calcium and phosphorus. In the serum levels of chickens at 42 days of age, birds fed 750 FTU of phytase containing xylanase influenced the increase in albumin, Ca ionic and P. Xylanase and protease contributed to improve bone characteristics of chickens fed with increasing levels phytase at 21 and 42 days of age.Item Associação e seleção genômica para eficiência alimentar em bovinos Nelore(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-02-22) Brunes, Ludmilla Costa; Rey, Fernando Sebastian Baldi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2142265309634106; Lopes, Fernando Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1399785191420919; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1852112832119187; Magnabosco, Cláudio Ulhoa; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos; Carmo, Adriana Santana do; Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Quedes; Costa, Marcos Fernando Oliveira eThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for feed efficiency, growth, reproductive and carcass traits in commercial Nelore cattle herds, and the correlated response between them. It was also aimed perform a study of genomic selection evaluating prediction methods, validation approaches and pseudo-phenotypes, and conduct a weighted single-step genome-wide association study and an enrichment analysis for feed efficiency of feed efficiency related traits. Residual feed intake (RFI), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), residual live weight gain (RG), residual intake and live weight gain (RIG), birth weight (BW), weight at 120 (W120), 240 (W240), 365 (W365), and 450 (W450) days of age, scrotal circumference at 365 (SC365) and 450 (SC450) days of age, rib eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BF) and rump fat thickness (RF) were evaluated. The growth, reproductive and carcass traits records from 15,639 Nelore cattle were used. Data from feed efficiency tests carried out between 2011 and 2018, with phenotypic and genotypic information of 4,329 and 3,594 animals, respectively, were considered. The genetic parameters were estimated in a single step approach (ssGBLUP). Six prediction methods of genomic breeding values (GEBVs) were used: ssGBLUP, Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ, BLASSO, and Bayes R. Three validation approaches were used: 1) random: the data set was randomly divided into ten subsets and the validation was done in each subset at a time; 2) age: the population was divided into training and validation set based on the year of birth, with the first group consisting of animals born between 2010 and 2016 and the second group born in 2017; 3) genetic breeding value (EBV) accuracy: were divided into two groups, with animals with accuracy above 0.45 considered as the training population, and below 0.45 the validation set. We checked the accuracy and bias of GEBV. The percentage of variance explained by windows of 10 adjacent SNPs was used to identify regions that explained more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance on each trait. The feed efficiency related traits showed low to moderate heritabilities, ranging from 0.07 to 0.20. Feed efficiency related traits showed low genetic correlations with growth (-0.19 to 0.24), reproductive (-0.24 to 0.27) and carcass (-0.17 to 0.27) traits, except for growth with DMI (0.32 to 0.56) and FE (-0.40). The results showed that the prediction ability were similar between the prediction methods. The low heritability obtained, mainly for FE (0.07±0.03) and FCR (0.09±0.03), limited the GEBVs accuracy, which ranged from low to moderate. The regression coefficient estimates were close to 1, and similar between the prediction methods, validation approaches, and pseudophenotypes. On average and despite low variation (0.0331), the random cross-validation presented the most accurate predictions, ranging from 0.07 to 0.037, than EBV accuracy and age. The prediction ability was higher for phenotype adjusted for fixed effects than for EBV and EBV deregressed (30.0 and 34.3%, respectively). Enrichment analysis by The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed several functional vias such as neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218), negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste (GO:0001580), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184), bile secretion (bta04976), taste transduction (bta0742), and glucagon signaling pathway (bta04922). The selection to improve growth, reproductive and carcass traits would not change RFI, RG, and RIG. On the other hand, DMI, FE and FCR may lead to an increase in body weight, in addition to the selection for FCR may lead to a reduction in carcass yield. The genetic background of feed efficiency related traits are different, which would lead to different genetic responses. The choice of the most adequate selection criterion depends on the production system and goals. Genomic prediction methods can provide a reliable estimate of genomic breeding values for RFI, DMI, RG and RGI, traits that may have higher genetic gain and selection viability than FE and FCR. Enrichment analyzes showed genes associated with in insulin, leptin, glucose, protein and lipid metabolism, energy balance, heat and oxidative stress, zinc finger system, bile secretion, satiety, feed behavior, salivation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. The identification of these genomic regions and their respective genes provide information about genetic basis and biologic regulation for Nelore feed efficiency related traits.Item Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos vegetais em frangos de corte de crescimento lento desafiados com Salmonella Heidelberg(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-03-08) Mota, Lorena Cunha; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mojyca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3136809931691012; Leandro, Nadja Susana Mogyca; Melo, Francislete Rodrigues; Nunes, Romão da Cunha; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Mello, Heloisa Helena de CarvalhoTwo experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the antimicrobial activity of native extracts of native species of Brazilian Cerrado. The first experiment was carried out in vitro using seven ethanolic plant extracts native to the Brazilian cerrado (Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens), Jacaranda (Machaerium villosum), Jenipapo (Genipa americana), Pau-terra (Qualea parviflora), Pau- (Brosimum gaudichaudii), to evaluate the total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg. The phenolic compounds of the plant extracts were determined by spectroscopy in the visible region, using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The determination of the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was carried out using the ABTS solution free radical sequestration method. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the seven ethanolic extracts against Salmonella Heidelberg was performed using the disc diffusion method. In the second experiment were performed performance tests, intestinal development, bacteriology and blood biochemistry of slow-growing chickens challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg and treated with woodland plant extract. A total of 432 broiler chickens were used. The roasted red roasted roasted roasted red roasted roe were distributed in six treatments, six replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit. The experimental design was randomized blocks distributed in six treatments: SH + control (birds with challenge + basal ration); SH + EVT (challenged birds + antimicrobial ration), SH + EVPT (control + challenged birds), control (birds without challenge + basal ration), ANT (unchallenged birds + antimicrobial ration) and EVPT challenge + plant extract). Performance, intestinal histomorphometry, specific bacteriology and blood biochemistry were evaluated. The results of the antimicrobial analysis of Salmonella Heidelgerb extracts were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data of phenolic compounds and antioxidants were submitted to descriptive analysis. The performance data, histomorphometry and blood biochemistry were submitted to the test of variance. Data from the specific bacteriology were analyzed by descriptive method. The data of phenolic compounds and antioxidants were submitted to descriptive analysis. The ethanolic vegetal extracts varied from 6.48 to 59.81 g EAG / mL of total phenolic compounds and 595 to 1098.33 μmol / L of antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract of Pau-terra presented moderate antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg (halo diameter 9.5%). In the results of the performance evaluation the ANT treatment promoted greater weight gain and higher final weight of the birds and the SH + EVPT treatment influenced in lower weight gain and lower final weight. In the evaluation of the histomorphometry of the segments of the gastrointestinal tract histoformetrium of the chick embryo of slow growth slow crypt depth in the mucosa was higher in the birds submitted to the SH + EVPT treatment and, the lower in the birds submitted to SH + crypt for SH + control birds and reduction in the ratio for SH + EVPT treated birds. The treatments did not influence the studied parameters of the duodenum and jejunum of seven - day - old birds. The SH + EVPT treatment promoted crypt depth increase, and the SH + control treatment reduced crypt depth. In the birds of 42 days of age the treatment promoted EVPT promoted jejunal villus height and SH + control reduced jejunal villus height. In the ilium SH + EVPT treatment promoted villus enlargement and ANT treatment reduced villus height. The SH + control treatment reduced the crypt depth of the ilium and the SH + EVPT treatment increased the crypt depth of the ilium. In bacteriology, 75% of the gastrointestinal tract presented Salmonella Heidelberg at 7 days of age, 58% at 28 days of age and 16.66% at 42 days of age. The concentration of albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid was influenced by the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of Barbatimão Jacarandá, Mama-bitch, Jenipapo, Pau-ferro and Murici did not present antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heidelberg (diameter of halo 5mm). The ethanolic extract of Pau-terra, offered in drinking water, using a concentration of 1: 1000 and supplied once a day to slow-growing chickens does not promote the performance improvement of chickens up to 28 days of age and has no activity antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Heldelberg.Item Avaliação da inclusão de aditivo simbiótico em dietas de frangos(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2022-03-05) Faria, Itallo da Silva; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936451314440305; Melo, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Santos, Bruno Moreira dos; Costa, Miliane Alves da; Stringhini, José HenriqueThis study aimed to assess the symbiotic inclusion (lysine, methionine, calcium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, glucomannans, and mannooligosaccharides) in broilers diet and to evaluate the possible effects on the inclusion on zootechnic indexes, cuts and carcass yields, blood parameters, and broilers intestinal health. 512 animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in of four treatments (Treatment 1 - Performance enhancer, Treatment. 2 - Symbiotic, Treatment 3 - Growth promoter + symbiotic, Treatment 4 - without addition of enhancer additive), eight replications consisting of 16 birds per experimental unit. During the experiment, zootechnic performances such as weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, and mortality were evaluated in each rearing phase (seven, 21, 35, and 42 days). Withing seven days, poultry fed with growth promoter and growth promoter + symbiotic exhibit higher final weight gain, weight gain, and feed consumption. At 21 days of age, there was higher weight gain and feed consumption with growth promoter and growth promoter + symbiotic. At 35 days of age, it was observed higher feed consumption with growth promoter and growth promoter + symbiotic. At 42 days of age, there were no statistic differences among the treatments for the performance variables. Significant differences were only found to leg quarter yield in poultry fed with symbiotic. On the 21st day, it was observed a higher concentration of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase, and Triglyceride on the animal’s hematological profile that were fed with growth promoter and symbiotic. On the 42nd day, significant differences were observed regarding to uric acid to the poultry fed with growth promoter and symbiotic, which showed lower values to uric acid, broilers that received symbiotic + performance enhancer and or no enhancer additive in the diet had higher serum calcium concentration. There was significative difference to the ileum crypt only on the 21st day of histomorphometry assessment the birds that received the symbioticItem Avaliação de coprodutos ensilados da indústria do milho em dietas de vacas em lactação(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-12-16) Cardoso, Rogério Rezende; Lima, Milton Luiz Moreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7562710128026687; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4582215859105753; Zacaroni, Ozana de Fátima; Fernandes, Juliano José de Resende; Silva, Thiago Carvalho daFibrous co-products in the feeding of ruminants contribute to the mitigation of environmental impacts and decrease the consumption of animals of digestible products by humans. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the conventional substitution concentrated (constituted in its base of corn and soy bran) by concentrate constituted by co-products of the corn industry in lactating cows ration on the consumption of dry matter (DMI), production of milk, milk components, selectivity behavior, digestibility, blood and ruminal parameters. The statistical design used was a 2x2 cross-over with two effects differentiated by the concentrated resource (conventional concentrate and concentrate consisting of corn by-products) in two 22-day experimental ones, with 14 days of adaptation for use and eight final days of data collection. Ten crossbred lactation cows (Holstein x Jerseys) were used, distributed five in each treatment and balanced in the orders according to the calving order, days in lactation and milk production. The data were analyzed by the PROC MIXED of the SAS, considering the statistical model of random effect by cow and fixed treatment effect and period at the level of significance P <0.05 and trend 0.05≤P≤0.10. The DMI and DMO were statistically higher (P=0.005 and P=0.008) for control group, while the NDF consumption did not differ statistically (P=0.76) and the consumption of physically effective fiber was statistically higher (P<0.0001) for treatment with co-products. The production of milk, protein, casein and lactose in milk in percentage and production per day were statistically higher (P<0.01) in treatment control, while the fat in kg/day did not differ statistically (P=0.35), the production of fat and urea nitrogen in milk was higher (P=0.001 and P=0.007) in the treatment with co-products. As the dry matter digestibilities, organic matter and NDF did not differ statistically (P>0.10) among the treatments and that have the highest (P=0.03) consumption of digestible organic matter in the control treatment. The animals with diet control in the 24h period select more (P=0.004) against 19 mm of treatment with co-products, while no sieve of the state of the 8 mm pen or the rejection index was lower than the 19 mm, however still the treatment control (P<0.0001) selects against 8 mm effects and the treatment with co-products does not show selection in this section, being the bottom of the sieve in both tests with selection in favor of the bottom of the sieve. An acetate: propionate ratio was higher (P=0.005) for treatment with by-products evaluated for the control treatment, with ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen and urea nitrogen in the blood greater (P=0.003 and P<0.0001) for by-product concentrate. The control treatment animals with greater (P=0.01 and P=0.03) meal size and meal duration with smaller (P=0.05) number of meals compared to treatment with co-products. The results demonstrated are the necessary ruminal degradation studies of the mixture of corn by-products with the method of efficient use in the feeding of dairy cattle.Item Avaliação de fatores que afetam a qualidade de farinha de vísceras na indústria de subprodutos avícola(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-06-20) Fernandes, Eder de Sousa; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Arnhold, Emmanuel; Oliveira, Guilherme Roberto de; Mascarenhas, Alessandra GimenezIn order to characterize the possible variations in the chemical composition of the viscera meal was carried out this work to study the possible variables that can cause variations and affect the final quality of poultry by products focusing on their use in the feed industry broilers. For this experiment was chosen a large commercial poultry abattoir processing viscera immediately after slaughter of birds in a processing plant poultry meal, unit is located in central Goiás state. The samples were collected and analyzed weekly for a period of twelve months between June 2014 and June 2015. in order to characterize the possible variations in the chemical composition of the viscera flour were studied the effect of temperature, pressure, humidity, weight and processing time and to assess the flours obtained the parameters were qualitative tests (acidity index, peroxide index and Eber test), the proximal evaluation (ether extract, crude protein, moisture, calcium and phosphorus), and this grading tests were performed, color texture and odor. For such an assessment adopted the statistical program R using the statistical method of Pearson correlations.Item Avaliação do efeito de variáveis produtivas na conversão alimentar de frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015-03-27) Lupatini, Flaviana; Stringhini, Jose Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café, Marcos Barcellos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9860968235125158; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Café, Marcos Barcellos; França, José Maurício; Carvalho, Fabyola Barros deThe feed conversion is one of the more indexes monitored by poultry agroindustry, in order to keep their production costs within bounds economically viable. The present study was conducted in order to identify which variables productive have the greatest impact on feed conversion of broilers. Was used production data of poultry agroindustry in the central-west of Brazil. The field results were collected from January 2012 to September 2013, a total of 2,978 broilers flocks. The sample is composed of lots of commercial strains Cobb and Hubbard, not sexed. Was made analysis of variance with Tukey Test (P> 0.05), and analysis of variance in mixed model for the following qualitatives variables: year period, commercial strains, hatchery, incubator type, type of poultry house, homogeneity of flock weight at birth. The correlation and regression polynomial for the following quantitative variables: birth weight, weight to 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days, weight slaughter, slaughter age, mortality, average daily gain and time interval between flocks on the field. Statistical analysis was made through the statistical program R. The sum of squares in the mixed model, the variables that presented the greatest impact on feed conversion were: period of the year with 39.90%, type of poultry house with 35.70% and lineage with 17.80%. Between quantitative variables that had a greater correlation with the feed conversion ratio is the average daily gain,-0.57 (P < 0.01). Each gram in average daily gain results in nine grams in feed conversion. Flocks that showed lower mortality rate, showed greater correlation between average daily gain and feed conversion. Thus, in the present study, the variables that presented the greatest impact on feed conversion were: average daily gain and period of the year.Item Avaliação do mercado de peixes ornamentais em Goiânia e região metropolitana(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2021-06-28) Araujo, Rafael Martins de; Oliveira, Kellen de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3336024339176888; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mello, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/551096516635207; Paula, Fernanda Gomes de; Leite, Paulo Ricardo de Sá da Costa; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Mello, Heloisa Helena de CarvalhoThe objective was to study the production chain of ornamental fish, addressing the retail and consumer trade in Goiânia and the metropolitan area. In general, the variables that characterize the production, trade, marketing chain and the rearing of ornamental fish were analyzed. Questionnaires applied online were used for aquarist practitioners, shopkeepers and producers, and responses were obtained from 82 individuals who fall into the category of aquarism practitioners, 25 shopkeepers and 32 producers. The relationships between the variables were analyzed by the chi-square test, considering 0.05 of significance. The results were compared and evaluated through the confidence interval and highlighted those who had interest within the ornamental fish market. Those individuals who responded as producers demonstrated that they started producing only by hobbie (51.4%) and, with demand growing, their production increased. Shopkeepers, mostly representing pet shops, agricultural shops and water shops have little control of water quality (62.5% of the stores), as well as the watercolor practitioners who, although they have knowledge about water quality (62.3% of the individuals), are few who make this type of evaluation (41.9%). Thus, it was found that, for the most part, the ornamental fish market of Goiânia and the metropolitan region do not actually perform the verification and control of water quality in their places of rearing or selling, either due to lack of knowledge or incentive.Item Avaliação estatística das variáveis relacionadas a qualidade de farelo de soja para frangos de corte(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2019-10-28) Jardim, Mihayr Morais; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Jardim Filho, Roberto de Moraes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6577684840261358; Stringhini, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Stringhini, José Henrique; Fortes, Bruno Duarte Alves; Café, Marcos Barcellos; Jardim Filho, Roberto de MoraesThe use of soybean meal for poultry presents restrictions due to the antinutritional factors when poorly processed. The objective of this work was to discuss a literature review on soybean meal quality and to evaluate the available database on soybean meal quality relating thermal processing with bromatological quality for poultry nutrition. The first chapter was about the effect of processing and quality of soybean meal, in chapter two and three were evaluated analysis database on wet chemistry and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), respectively. For the composition of chapter two, the 283 samples were obtained from a chicken producer integrating company located in the state of Goiás. In the first stage, there was categorization of bran samples by KOH-soluble protein levels: below 75%, from 75%. 80%, 80% to 85%, 85% to 90%, and above 90%. After categorization, multivariate analyzes and ANOVA with Scott Knott test were performed to compare the means. Step two categorized the analysis results by level of urea activity, classifying the 283 samples into 5 categories: 0; 0.01; 0.011-0.05; 0.051-0.1 and above 0.1. Multivariate analyzes and ANOVA were performed with Scott Knott test to compare the means. The third chapter was made with database of bran analysis via NIRS and statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests for amino acid and bromatological values compared with urease levels read in NIRS. In step 1 the data differed significantly for solubility in KOH, indicative of urea activity and only 1 group of soluble protein differed from a mean percentage of crude protein (% CP). In experiment two, the groups of urea activity differed statistically for protein solubility in KOH, urea activity. For groups of 0; and 0.01 of urea activity differed from the average of crude fiber. In chapter 3, experiment with database obtained via NIRS, there was a difference between the humidity and the highest values of urea activity; for the aminogram, we found statistical differences with nonparametric tests for cystine, methionine + cystine; Arginine, Isoleucine, Glycerin, Serine and Proline.Item Avaliação nutricional da qualidade do milho para frangos de corte em Goiás(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016-11-29) Batista , Lucas Ferreira; Arnhold, Emmanuel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156945506134934; Viana , Eduardo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7788105107050702; Stringhini , José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505634095383289; Café , Marcos Barcelos; Laboissière , MicheleThe objective of this study was to increase the knowledge about the nutritional composition of maize grains and correlate the main physical and chemical variables that contribute to the energetic values of maize grains used in broiler rations. For this, corn grains samples received by a commercial broiler feed factory located in southeastern Goias during the years 2012 to 20015 were analyzed. The parameters evaluated were divided into physical variables such as: Moisture content (%),% (Kg / m³), chemical variables such as:% Ethereal Extract,% Crude Protein,% Crude Fiber,% Crude Grain,% Crude Grain,% Crude Grain,% Crude Grain and the presence of mycotoxins (Aflatoxin and Fumonisin. In the present work, the values, mean, median, maximum and minimum values, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and normality tests and data distribution were described for each physical and chemical variable analyzed. Where there was no normal distribution of the results during the experimental period, revealing variation of these variables. Significant correlations (P <0.05) were found between the physical variables, Density and Humidity (-0.76), Infested Grains and Presence of Fumonisin (0.81); Moderate among the variables Crude Protein and Presence of Fumonisin (0.63) and% of Good Grains and Broken Grains (-0.70); (-0.15), Presence of Aflatoxins (0.28),% Good Grains (0.33) and% of Broken Grains (-0.41), among the variables Crude Protein and (-0.23), Presence of Aflatoxins and% of Humidity (-0,30) and Fumonisins (-0,27), between Presence of Aflatoxins and% of Humidity ( 0.30) and Specific Density (0.28) and the Presence of Fumonisins with Specific Density (0.43). A metabolism test was also carried out with 400 broilers, 14 days old, of the Cobb 500 male lineage, to verify the influence of the specific gravity of the corn kernels on the values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), Apparent Metabolizable Energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEn), in natural and dry matter, Apparent Metabolizable Coefficient of Crude Protein (AMC_CP), Ethereal Extract (AMC_EE), Calcium (AMC_CA), and Phosphorus (AMC_P) were evaluated. For this purpose, different samples of maize with specific densities of 740, 760, 780 and 800 kg / m³ were obtained in a commercial feed factory for broilers, located in southeast Goias. The different fractions of specific density of maize had different bromatological compositions, with variations mainly in the Gross Energy (2.28%), Crude Fiber (21.6%), Ethereal Extract (16%) and Percentage of Infested Grains. The treatments were significant (P <0.05), on the values of AME, AMEn, AMC_DM, AMC_EE, AMC_CA and AMC_P, but did not have trend curve proportional to the stipulated variations for the specific density, not determining which fraction of corn would be of better nutritional quality. What alerts us to analyze all the physical and chemical characteristics of the grains, besides the specific density, in order to determine the quality of the corn received in the feed factory for broiler chicken.Item Capacidade antioxidante de Scutellaria baicalensis para codornas japonesas na fase de postura(Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2020-03-10) Pereira, Melody Martins Cavalcante; Mello, Heloísa Helena Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510965166352073; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9082632592936909; Mascarenhas, Alessandra Gimenez; Almeida, Vivian Vezzoni de; Santos, Bruno Moreira dosActive ingredients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial functions, among others, obtained from plants have been increasingly studied in search of alternatives that can replace synthetic products that have such effects, used as additives in animal feed. Plants rich in flavonoids stand out in these research, such as the genus Scutellaria baicalensis which is a herb traditionally used in Chinese medicine, which is composed of different flavonoids. The benefits of extracting this species have been observed in many human and animal studies, and specifically for poultry there are studies on broilers and laying hens. However, there is little research using it for Japanese quail. The objective of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance, quality of eggs of Japanese quails, receiving additive containing Scutellaria baicalensis extract added to the feed, as well as its antioxidant activity and determination of total flavonoids. 384 42-day-old Japanese quails were used, distributed in four treatments (0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3% of the product containing Scutellaria in the diet) with six replications of 16 animals each. The design used was completely randomized (DIC). The experimental period was 126 days subdivided into four 21-day cycles. For egg quality analysis, variables such as: average egg weight (g), egg yolk, albumen and shell weight (g), shell thickness (mm), Haugh unit, yolk, albumen and shell index and percentage were evaluated. , specific gravity. The antioxidant activity of the product containing Scutellaria baicalensis was evaluated by FRAP, ABTS, DPPH methods and total flavonoids and total phenols were assayed. The collected data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test using the R computational package. The significance level of α = 0.05 was adopted. There were no statistically significant differences in egg performance and quality parameters, showing that the tested levels of the additive containing Scutellaria Baicalensis did not provide improvement or changes in these parameters for Japanese quails. The results of the five laboratory tests performed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the additive showed that it has antioxidant potential.