Influência da alimentação no ganho de peso materno e fetal
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2012-05-14
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Introduction: The excessive gestational weight gain can cause harmful consequences for both the mother and for the fetus. The feeding of the pregnant women may be responsible for this weight gain above the recommendations. Objectives: to evaluate the techniques for control of the weight gain during pregnancy, the food groups related to an increased weight gain during pregnancy and the association between gestational weight gain and fetal birth weight. Methods: Article 1: a systematic review of the techniques used to control weight gain. The Medline, Scielo, Pubmed and Cochrane databases were evaluated between November and December 2011 for the selection of randomized trials on the control of maternal weight gain in healthy pregnant women. Articles 2 and 3: case-control and cohort studies that included 200 low-risk pregnant women in two public obstetric hospitals in Goiás, Brazil. The women that agreed to this study were divided in two groups: cases with excessive weight gain (> 16Kg) and controls within the recommended weight gain for eutrophic pregnant (11.50 < a < 16Kg), matched on age. The women were inquired about their food intake during the gestational period, by means of a quantitative and qualitative food-frequency questionnaire validated and adapted to the low income regional people. The software for statistical analyze were the SPSS version 17.0. Were used the folowing tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fisher, Student´s t, chi-square (x²), Mann-Whitney and Spearman´s correlation coefficient. Results: Article 1: among the techniques applied by the authors highlight individualized dietary prescription, general dietary guidelines, frequent consultations with a nutritionist or doctor, and physical activity. Article 2: the median age was 25.00 (22.00-29.00) years-old for cases and 24.00 (22.00-28.00) years-old for controls (p=0.52). The educational level was quite similar in the studied sample, and the median in the case group was 10.50 (9.00 to 12.00) years and 11.00 in controls (9.00 to 12.00) years (p=0.77). The median per capita income was 0.85 (0.56 1.20) for the cases and 0.80 (0.48 1.18) for controls (p=0.37). The group of sugar and sweets (p=0.04) was associated with greater weight gain during pregnancy. Conclusion: The articles analyzed recommend the association of different control techniques to gain weight satisfactorily and still gets early prenatal care and the introduction of these measures. Among the food groups studied, the excessive consumption of sweets was associated with greater weight gain among pregnant women. There is a direct association between excessive maternal weight gain and the fetal birth weight and a high incidence of macrosomia.
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COSTA, Bárbara Miranda Ferreira. Dietary influence on weight gain among pregnant women and birthweight. 2012. 73 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciencias da Saude) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.