Georreferenciamento e genotipagem de Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolados de pacientes atendidos na cidade de Goiânia GO pelo método de MIRU-VNTR
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2012-03-07
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious bacterial disease, very contagious, that, despite almost 130 years of biomedical research since the discovery of the tubercle bacillus, it continues to be a major threat to global health and is one of the leading causes of death by a bacterial organism, particularly in the developing world. The etiologic agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a bacterium that is easily transmitted by air. The disease control depends on several factors, being the correct diagnosis; efficient treatment; and active disease patient management to avoid transmission, essential ones. In order to improve the success in diagnosis, the knowledge of genotypic profiles by molecular techniques has provided positive results. Additionally, the correlation between the geographical locations of TB cases is a useful tool to aid epidemiological control strategies, especially when it is performed together with the knowledge of genetic variability of the studied TB strains. In this study we used the 15 loci MIRU-VNTR technique to identify polymorphisms among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. A total of 119 M. tuberculosis samples, isolated between 2006 and 2007 from patients attending two reference hospitals of Goiânia city, were genotyped and the results compared with the gold standard RFLP-IS6110 technique. The 15 loci MIRU-VNTR analysis of 119 TB isolates provided 110 distinct genotypes, 105 of which contained only one isolate while 14 isolates were grouped in five genetic groups (clusters). This technique showed a good discriminatory power (0.9986). The 15 loci MIRU-VNTR technique was more discriminatory than RFLP-IS6110 (0.9942). We also performed the georeferencing of 241 TB cases, corresponding to all clinical forms reported in Goiânia during the year 2007 by the City´s Secretary of Health Department. The cases were randomly distributed throughout the city. The distribution of cases showed that, visually, there was no relationship between disease and socio-economic situation of the population. Among the georeferenced cases, we were able to genotype 50 isolates by 15 loci MIRU-VNTR. A great genetic variability of genotypes among the 50 isolates was observed, and the few ones that were clustered did not show epidemiological links. Based on the observed data, no transmission source the TB was identified in the city of Goiânia, and consequently we can infer that TB in the City of Goiânia could be resulted from a previously acquired infection due to the high degree of heterogeneous genetic profiles observed.
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PEREIRA, Alyne Melo. Georreferencing and genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2012. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.