Estudo Farmacognóstico, Investigação das Atividades Antimicrobiana, Leishmanicida e Toxicidade Aguda de Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek RHAMNACEAE (Cafezinho)
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Data
2009-08-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
In the last years the treatment with medicines made from medicinal plants has
increased. A concern about the useful of these natural products is the quality control
pharmacobotanical, phytochemical and purity tests, which make up the technical
specifications of a particular plant species. Moreover, pharmacological and
toxicological studies must be conducted in order to effectiveness and safety. This
study aimed to carry out the assessment pharmacognostic, acute toxicity and
evaluation of antimicrobial and leishmanicidal of the ethanol extract of the leaves,
fruit, stem bark and root bark of R. elaeocarpum Reissek. Samples of R.
elaeocarpum were collected in the municipality of Campestre-GO, a description of
the macroscopic aspects of the leaves, stem bark and root bark was carried to the
naked eye by observing the macroscopic general of vegetal drugs; the microscopical
analysis was performed by observing the histological stained. The qualitative analysis
of the major classes of secondary metabolites present in the sprayed sample. The
tests for water content, total ashes and acid insoluble ashes had been carried
through according to the brazilian pharmacopoeia IV. The rude ethanol extract was
obtained by maceration and the fractions were obtained by partition, liquid-liquid,
successive with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution. The procedure was performed
according to NCCLS standards 2004 (M7-A7). The evaluation of acute toxicity of
ethanol extracts had reference to the Guidelines of 423 Organization for Economic
Co-Operation and Development (OECD). The leishmanicidal activity was tested for
the promastigotes forms of Leishmania (L) chagasi. Most of the morphological and
anatomical characteristics observed are consistent with the typical family. In
phytochemical screening of leaf, root bark, stem bark and fruit of R. elaeocarpum
verified the presence of flavonoids and alkaloids. It was also the presence of
heterosides saponins and tannins in leaf, root bark, stem bark and is absent in the
fruit. The extracts and fractions that had obtained the lowest value of minimum
inhibitory concentration (0,390 mg.mL-1) against microorganisms tested showed
moderate inhibitory activity. None of the extracts and fractions showed good
inhibitory activity. As is said about the toxicological research, throughout the period of
observation of animals during the evaluation of acute toxicity was not death. Through
behavioral observations made through the hippocratic screening is assigned a zero
score for all evaluated items. The necropsy of the animals did not evidence any
macroscopic alterations to justify the histopathology of the organs (kidney, spleen
and liver) selected for analysis. This study demonstrated that the use of rude extract
and fractions of leaves of R. elaeocarpum induced death of promastigotes forms of L.
(L) chagasi in vitro. The presented results open perspectives for the future isolation,
purification and identification of bioactive substances of R. elaeocarpum
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Citação
OLIVEIRA, Tiago Branquinho. Pharmacognostic study, investigation of antimicrobial activities,
leishmanicidal and toxicity of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek - Rhamnaceae (little coffee). 2009. 13 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde - Farmácia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2009.