Avaliação citogenética e molecular de indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos aos agrotóxicos
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Data
2014-02-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Rural workers are constantly exposed to pesticides they use on crops, and this exposure may be
responsible for genetic damage causing a health risk. A problem with the use of pesticides is the
genotoxicity, which can lead to the onset of disease. Little is known about the relationship between
genotoxicity and the variation of genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism that may modify
individual susceptibility to the possible genotoxic effects of pesticides. Therefore, there is a need to
study genes as glutathione-S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and theta glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1)
encoding detoxification enzymes of genotoxic compounds. Another important assessment in
individuals exposed to pesticides is the presence of chromosomal translocation t(14;18) (q31,q21),
which can be investigated at the molecular level. Thus, this study evaluated the polymorphisms of
GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in 120 individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides and 115 controls
(without exposure to pesticides), by real-time PCR. The frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1
genotypes were found in 49 % and 18 %, respectively in the exposed group and 37 % and 18 %,
respectively, for the control group. It has been found that there is a greater possibility of poisoning
in workers who have null genotypes. There was no statistically significant correlation between the
increased risk of intoxication and alcohol consumption, smoking and use of PPE. In addition, 29
workers exposed to pesticides for more than 15 years and with null genotypes in GSTT1 and / or
GSTM1, were evaluated for the presence of the t (14;18)(q31, q21), in 100 nuclei, by fluorescent in
situ hybridization (FISH) . The translocation was observed in only one individual, which may have
been caused by prolonged exposure to pesticides, increasing age or alcohol consumption. Thus, the
study of genetic polymorphisms and translocations as biomarkers of susceptibility is of fundamental
importance in understanding the processes involved in genotype distribution mutagenesis and
carcinogenesis and could help minimize the risks for susceptible individuals who are exposed to
pesticides.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Polimorfismos , GSTT , GSTM , Translocação 14;18 , Agrotóxicos , Intoxicação , Polymorphism , Translocation 14;18 , Agrochemicals , Poisoning , GSTT1 , GSTM1
Citação
BATISTA, Mariana Pedrosa. Avaliação citogenética e molecular de indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos aos agrotóxicos. 2014. 54 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genetica e Biologia Molecular) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.