Determinantes individuais e contextuais das alterações periodontais, má-oclusão e fluorose em escolares de 12 anos do município de Goiânia-GO
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2013-12-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Information on social inequities in health is valuable when allocating resources for public services and formulating health strategies. Research is needed to deepen the understanding of the determinants that lead to inequities in oral health. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between individual and contextual factors and the prevalence of adverse periodontal condition, malocclusion and dental fluorosis among Brazilian 12- year-old schoolchildren. This study included data from an oral health survey carried out in 2010 in the city of Goiania, Brazil (n = 2,075) and secondary data obtained from the files of the local health authority. Data were collected through oral clinical examinations. For assessment of periodontal status two components of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were used: calculus and bleeding after probing. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess occlusion and the Dean Index to assess fluorosis. Dependent variables were presence of any periodontal condition, presence of malocclusion (DAI>25) and presence of fluorosis, analyzed separately. Independent individual variables were the children’s sex and color/race, and their mother’s level of schooling. Contextual variables were related to the schools (type and existence of toothbrushing program) and its geographic location in the health districts. Rao-Scott tests were performed for each of the three outcomes and multilevel analysis was performed for periodontal condition (Poisson regression) and malocclusion (Logistic regression). The results are presented in three original articles. The prevalence of calculus and/or bleeding was 7% and higher (P<0.05) in brown pupils, from public schools, and those located in health districts with intermediate socioeconomic indicators. The prevalence of malocclusion was 40.1%. Significantly higher rates of malocclusion were found among children from public schools, those located in less affluent health districts, and whose mothers had less years of education. The prevalence of fluorosis was 18.7%, predominantly of the very mild degree (11.2%). No significant association was found between fluorosis and the investigated variables. It was concluded that the inequalities in the distribution of adverse periodontal condition and malocclusion were determined by individual as well as contextual factors. Appropriate strategies addressed to the areas of socioeconomic deprivation are needed to reduce the disparities.
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JORDÃO, Lidia Moraes Ribeiro. Determinantes individuais e contextuais das alterações periodontais, má-oclusão e fluorose em escolares de 12 anos do município de Goiânia-GO. 2013. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Odontologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.