Adesão dos enfermeiros às precauções padrão à luz do modelo de crenças em saúde
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Data
2005-03-31
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
This was a qualitative study done in a big-sized general public hospital in the city of Goiânia Goiás The aims was to analyze nurses´ adherence to standard precautions according to Rosenstock´s health belief model (HBM) (1974) Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide based on principles of Critical Incidence Technique (CIT) The instrument was validated by judges and was then pre-tested The ethical-legal research principles were observed Among 90 nurses selected to participate in the study 82 agreed to take part in this study Inclusion criteria were nurses who were either in direct contact with patients or in supervisory positions in the hospital cleaning, laundry or sterilization services Data were analyzed in accordance with CIT The analysis categories were constructed using the dimensions of the HBM A total of 139 critical incidents were identified of which 66 were considered positive and 73 negative HBM dimensions were identified within 131 situations: 74 (56,5%) related to perceived susceptibility; 17 (13,0%) to perceived benefits and 40 (30,5%) to perceived barriers The majority of the reported critical incidents related to situations of occupational exposure to biological materials Among the Standard Precautions (SP) use of protective barriers was most frequently utilized Denial of susceptibility was indicated by the lack of use of protective barriers improper management of sharp objects and non-adherence to SP related to patients with multi-resistant pathogens Moderate perceived susceptibility was associated with partial adherence to SP in cases of patients requiring more complex levels of care; in situations following occupational exposure; and when patients needs took priority over personal protection High perceived susceptibility was observed in situations of caring for patients suspected or diagnosed with infections due to pathogens of epidemiological importance and those related to nurses responsibility Perceived seriousness was evident in behaviors and consequences related to critical incidences after occupational exposure in moments when nurses expressed feelings experienced psychosomatic symptoms and were diagnosed with an infection. Perceived benefits emerged above all from positive critical incidente with focus on protective barriers understood as protection strategies which lead to safety while procedures are executed Perceived barriers were: lack of personnel preparation lack of material resources insufficient personnel improper physical structure patient emergencies psychosocial factors lack of personnel policies for cases of exposure to biological material These barriers contribute to lower adherence of SP but they could be addressed by the Health Care Facilities since nurses have demonstrated adequate perception of susceptibility and benefits HBM dimensions were associated with nurses adherence to SP suggesting that plans should be developed to improve the nurses actions and decision-making in day-to-day nursing cars prioritizing the safety of those individuals involved in this process
Descrição
Citação
MELO, Dulcelene de Sousa. Adesão dos enfermeiros às precauções padrão à luz
do modelo de crenças em saúde. 2005. 192 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Cuidado em Enfermagem) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2005.