Tratamento químico de poluentes emergentes da indústria cosmética utilizando materiais de baixo custo
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2019-09-06
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The cosmetics industry presents a variety of products that contain numerous organic structures, which once in contact with water, release effluents with low biodegradability, high organic load, high levels of suspended solids, fats and oils. These effluents, when subjected to conventional (isolated) treatment at sewage treatment plants, based mainly on microbiological degradation, are not treated efficiently, leaving significant concentrations of emerging pollutants at the end of the treatment. As an alternative for effluent treatment from the cosmetics industry, advanced oxidation process (AOP) treatment technologies, which involve the generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH), with a 2.8 V potential redox, are interesting because present mineralization capacity of organic matter. Among them, the photo Fenton Like process is promising, as it has as its differential the feasibility of harnessing solar energy as a source of radiation and the utilization of by-products from the steel/metallurgical industry, besides providing the lowest generation of sludge. In this work, the photo Fenton Like treatment was proposed for the cosmetic effluent, using as source of iron, metallurgical residue, and as radiation source, light-emitting diode lamps (LED) and the construction of a recirculating photocatalytic reactor. An integration of technologies was proposed as the final polish using a filter built with layers of agro-industrial waste (rice husks, vermiculite and carbonized corn cob). The acid-washed metallurgical residue had about 96% iron oxide III in its composition, confirming its viability for the application of the heterogeneous photo Fenton Like process. Under the conditions of metallurgical residue with acid wash (HCl) in dosage of 8 g L-1, H2O2 in 0.05 g L-1, effluent with pH 3.0 adjustment and time of 6 minutes, the advanced oxidative treatment provided 99.25% chemical oxygen demand removals and 75.73% total organic carbon. Thermogravimetric analysis of the chemical sludge revealed the presence of 14% by mass of organic matter in the metallurgical residue, indicating that most of the organic matter present in the cosmetic matrix was oxidized. Infrared spectroscopy analysis found that the small amount of material adsorbed and possibly related to paraffin. With the combined process, advanced oxidation by heterogeneous photo Fenton Like and slow filtration, it was possible to achieve an overall removal of 99.48% COD with a final value of 255.98 mgO2 L-1, which meets the required state parameters for disposal in water sources. Through these results, the integration of the treatment technologies proved to be satisfactory for the remediation of this recalcitrant matrix, since high removal of the organic matter parameter values was achieved, which may be indicative of the possibility of integration with the treatment technologies conventional.
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ANDRADE, P. M. Tratamento químico de poluentes emergentes da indústria cosmética utilizando materiais de baixo custo. 2019. 173 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2019.