Prioridades para a conservação de aves no cerrado diante das mudanças globais
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Data
2020-03-30
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Climate and land use changes are affecting natural ecosystems, reducing and fragmenting the habitat available to species, increasing population isolation and, consequently, decreasing gene flow, changing species distribution, altering their life cycles, causing population declines and species extinction. They are pointed out with the most important direct pressures on terrestrial biodiversity and their impacts tend to increase in the coming decades. In this context, a study for conservation planning that presents the response mechanisms of the species, indicates the species that will be most vulnerable, identifies the most important areas for the conservation of the species and discuss how the different components of diversity will be affected by these changes becomes necessary and important. The Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot, being considered the most vulnerable savanna in the world. Virtually 50% of its native vegetation cover has been lost and only 7.5% of the Cerrado is covered by protected areas. In addition, a temperature increase of 5 to 5.5ºC and a reduction in precipitation of 35 to 45% for the Cerrado are projected by the end of this century, which puts all of its biodiversity at risk. This thesis assesses the possible impacts of climate and land use changes for birds in the Cerrado and presents conservation proposals in the face of such impacts. Chapter 1 provides a literature review that seeks to find possible mechanisms for species response to climate change through their biological and ecological traits. Chapter 2 makes an assessment of species vulnerability to climate and land use changes, considering sensitivity, adaptive capacity and exposure of the species evaluated. Still, a mapping of these components is presented and how much of the distribution of each most vulnerable species is within the protected areas. Chapter 3 identifies areas where climatic conditions would change little and maintain native vegetation, which could act as refugia for species. Estimates the proportion of species distribution that will occur within the areas of refugia. It presents and discusses the most appropriate conservation strategies to protect species in areas with different combinations of climate and land use. Chapter 4 shows how the functional and phylogenetic structure of bird communities is related to species richness and how these components are spatially distributed in the Cerrado. In addition, it assesses how climate and land use changes will affect functional and phylogenetic structures, maps important areas to protect taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional components and assesses the spatial congruence between these areas.
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Palavras-chave
Mudança climática , Mudança no uso da terra , Vulnerabilidade , Refúgios , Estratégias de conservação , Diversidade filogenética , Diversidade funcional , Homogeneização biótica , Climate change , Land use change , Vulnerability , Refugia , Conservation strategies , Phylogenetic diversity , Functional diversity , Biotic homogenization
Citação
BORGES, F. J. A. Prioridades para a conservação de aves no cerrado diante das mudanças globais. 2020. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.