Desempenho inicial dos componentes do sistema silvipastoril em um neossolo quartzarênico
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2020-02-21
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The Neossolos Quartzarênicos are the main class of sandy soils in Brazil, considered of low agricultural aptitude for presenting low natural fertility, CTC and soil organic matter and vulnerability to degradation. The use of silvopastoral systems (SPSs), which are characterized as a type of agroforestry system and can be understood as the process of afforestation of pastures, are indicated for the adequate management of these soils. The Acacia mangium is a tree legume of multiple use, with great potential to compose these productive systems, for presenting fast initial growth and fixing nitrogen to the soil. Studies of arrangements and species in SPS seek to identify the synergistic effects between the components, for greater diversification of production activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of a Neossolo Quartzarênico, as well as the productive potential of the component species in the implementation phase of a silvopastoral system with Acacia mangium Willd. in different arrangements and a monoculture of forages, in the Midwest of Goiás. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Cachoeira de Goiás–GO, on the São Miguel farm, in a Neossolo Quartzarênico. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, with plots subdivided in space, with four replications. The plots corresponded to four spatial arrangements: three SPS arrangements with acácia (10×4, 15×4 and 20×4 m) and a monoculture of grasses. The subplots (area of 960 m2) were composed of three grass cultivars: Braúna, Marandu and Massai. The treatments were implemented in december 2016. The chemical attributes of the soil were determined up to the 0.4 m layer, at 10 and 20 months after the treatments were implemented. To determine dry matter productivity, morphological and bromatological composition of forages, cuts were made at 20 cm above the soil surface. Evaluations of tree growth in diameter and height were made up to three years of age. The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5 and 1% probability by the F test and when significant, the means were compared by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). After two years of implantation, the silvopastoral arrangements have a predisposition for acidification of the soil and greater demand for potassium in relation to the monoculture of forages, with no significant
applicable changes in the other chemical attributes. The yields of the forage component are similar between spatial arrangements, with the Massai cultivar showing greater productive potential and low nutritional value. The Acacia mangium shows satisfactory initial growth in silvopastoral system in sandy soil, with emphasis on the 10×4 and 15×4 meter arrangements, showing itself as a species suitable for integrated systems.
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DUARTE, T. C. Desempenho inicial dos componentes do sistema silvipastoril em um neossolo quartzarênico. 2020. 81 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.