Políticas neoliberais e acesso à educação superior: uma análise do PROUNI
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2020-11-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This study is located in the Research Line State, Policies, and History of Education of the Graduate Program in Education from the Faculty of Education at UFG and has as its theme the Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni), a policy of access to higher education from the federal government. Because the program fulfills two apparently antagonistic functions, namely: to meet the demands of the labor market and big capital and the social demands related to the inclusion of low-income young people in higher education, and considering the challenging scenario in the formulation and effectiveness of educational social policies in Brazil, it is questioned whether the Program contributes to the process of democratizing access to higher education in Brazil. In order to answer this question, this bibliographical and documentary research aims to investigate and unveil the contradictions presented by Prouni, in the context of neoliberalism and social inequalities in Brazil. The following specific objectives are established: a) to contextualize and analyze neoliberalism in Brazil and the process of reform of the Brazilian State; b) to contextualize and analyze Prouni in the set of policies for access to higher education in Brazil; c) to investigate and analyze the scope of the program in terms of democratizing access to higher education in Brazil. For the contextualized apprehension of the object in question, a dialectical approach to reality is used, in which the educational phenomenon in the political, historical, and social context is not detached. In view of the categories of analysis raised, namely: Neoliberalism and Reform of the Brazilian State; Brazilian Higher Education and Access to Higher Education Policies, the theoretical framework was composed of authors considered to be a reference in the area. As for the literature review on Prouni, the selection of works was carried out through an online bibliographic search on Scielo. Analysis of the legislation concerning the program and data collection was carried out using the Sinopses Estatísticas da Educação Superior. The dissertation is organized in 3 chapters: the first deals with the context of the emergence of neoliberalism and the Reform of the Brazilian State under the neoliberal molds; the second presents a historical overview of higher education in Brazil; the third presents a detailed analysis of Prouni, in the light of the theoretical framework, the literature review, the legislation, and the data collected. The research revealed that Prouni alone is not able to guarantee the democratization of access to higher education in Brazil, as the expansion of access is not enough to alter Brazilian structural inequalities and other factors must also be considered, such as the guarantee of permanence and quality of education offered, as well as access and quality of basic education. The research also revealed that despite the qualifications regarding quality and although it is configured as a fundamental element of the strategy to support the expansion of the private-mercantile sector, the program has the merit of enabling access to higher education for the lower-class population. The policy is inclusive in terms of income and color/race, being partly responsible for the inclusion of historically excluded groups. We conclude that it is necessary to conduct a relativized and careful analysis of the program, due to the context of the Brazilian State's adherence to neoliberalism and to the disputes of interests that permeate and determine the political agenda in Brazil.
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PEREIRA, C. F. G. Políticas neoliberais e acesso à educação superior: uma análise do PROUNI. 2020. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2020.