Análise da gestão de resíduos sólidos nas Centrais de Abastecimento de Goiás S.A. (CEASA-GO)
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Data
2021-03-31
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The increasing consumption due to the growing urbanized population in the world requires an expansion in food production. In turn, the increased production and consumption of food generates greater transformation of inputs and raw materials, also resulting in increased waste production. Socio-environmental and economic problems arise when waste are not reused, treated, or disposed of properly. The generation of solid waste occurs not only during the production process, but also due to losses occurring throughout the production chain. The horticultural supply chain, for example, is seen as a major problem, because due to the perishability of the products, distribution efficiency is low. The Central Supply (CEASA) plays an important role in food distribution in Brazil. The Central Supply of Goiás S.A - CEASA-GO, located in Goiânia, has a gigantic marketing structure, being the 4th largest central distribution of horticultural products in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and estimate costs related to the management of solid waste generated by CEASA-GO in the period between 2019 and 2020. The methodology applied was based on bibliographic and documentary research, complemented by: semi-structured interviews with the actors who manage waste from CEASA-GO; gravimetric analysis of solid waste and the perception of CEASA-GO traders about waste management; and estimates of financial and environmental costs from secondary data. The results showed that of the total CEASA-GO waste forwarded for final disposal in the landfill of Goiânia, about 48.65% could be considered waste, or other waste, due to their characteristics, making it impossible to reuse or recycle. In the sample analyzed, approximately 41% of the waste generated by CEASA-GO is organic. Considering that the daily average for discarded waste was 26.50 tons between 2019 and 2020, then, approximately 10.86 tons per day of organic waste could be recycled through composting, for example. This estimate is useful, as it allows for the planning of processes that improve waste management at CEASA-GO. As for the perception and behavior of a group of 65 traders interviewed in this study, most of them: do not have knowledge about loss management and, consequently, do not use any technique to avoid them; have an average daily loss of 25kg of vegetables and 30kg of fruits; generate an average of 60kg of waste/day; do not separate waste; collaborate very little with cleaning; and do not have access to environmental education. Therefore, the research indicates that the implementation of an intense and more effective environmental education program directed to traders can contribute to reduce losses and waste production. Estimates indicate that the cost of waste treatment in CEASA-GO is high. In 20 months these costs reached R$ 4,547,605.79. But, the alternative projects have contributed to the saving of R$ 282.244.36 between the years 2019 and 2020. All organic and non-recyclable waste from CEASA-GO, an average of 26.5 tons per day, has as final destination the Landfill of Goiânia, where it occupies an area of 5,000 m2 or 0.5 ha, contributing to a production of leachate of 1,837.68 m³ (in 20 months) and the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly by transport and decomposition of waste that, according to estimates of this study, contributed with 0.0134 % of the total emission of Goiás in 2020. The adoption of measures for the separation of organic and recyclable waste at source would reduce the expenses arising from the disposal of solid waste originated in CEASA-GO, contributing to increase the life span of the Landfill of Goiânia.
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Resíduos sólidos , Gestão , Custos , Reciclagem , Aterro sanitário , CEASA-GO , olid waste , Management , Costs , Recycling , Landfill
Citação
COSTA, W. M. Análise da gestão de resíduos sólidos nas Centrais de Abastecimento de Goiás S.A. (CEASA-GO). 2021. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronegócio) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2021.