Estudo empírico, teórico e metodológico em macroecologia de interações ecológicas
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2021-02-19
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
A set of interdependent factors, such as the limits of tolerance to environmental variables, the dispersing capacity of individuals and the evolutionary history of lineages determine the distribution of species on our planet. These factors act in different ways in different units of the ecosystem, affecting from the abundance of populations to the regional combination of possible interactions. By investigating the behaviour of biodiversity in different environmental scenarios and at different resolutions of observation, we can understand the history of nature and what can happen in the coming years. This thesis is an empirical, theoretical and methodological study on macroecology of interactions. The first chapter addresses the interface between evolutionary factors and the diversification of ecological networks within a meta-network structure of parasitism in Eurasia. The second chapter discusses the mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities of integrating ecological interactions into species distribution models. This discussion underpins a perspective of research lines with immense potential for the near future of Theoretical Ecology. The final chapter presents the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of models based on individuals that would enable the investigation of the Eltonian noise hypothesis. Finally, the annexes of this thesis are composed of articles developed in parallel, but with the same theme: the first explains in a didactic way how species distribution modelling works, while the second is an extensive theoretical exercise on what is most recent in the methods of predicting ecological networks in space and time. By exploring the macroecology of interactions from such diverse perspectives, this thesis shows how beta-diversity and phylogenetic diversity tell complementary stories about the history of biodiversity of parasites and hosts, demonstrates how we can integrate potential interactions and models of the distribution of species and questions whether the effect of interactions on the distribution of biodiversity is actually null at large
geographical scales.
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HIGINO, G. T. Estudo empírico, teórico e metodológico em macroecologia de interações ecológicas. 2021. 139 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2021.