Diversidade beta temporal como ferramenta para análise de impactos ambientais
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2021-07-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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One of the goals of ecology is to analyze the influence of anthropogenic impacts on biological diversity. Beta diversity analysis can be considered an important tool to measure how environmental impacts can modify species composition, both in spatial and temporal scales. This measure is useful because it allows comparing the periods before and after the impact. Considering the large number of studies using beta diversity to measure some type of environmental impact, the first chapter of this work had the main objective of conducting a systematic review of the existing literature on the subject. This work showed that Brazil is the third country that has published the most on the subject. Besides, plants, followed by fish, are the most studied organisms. This review also demonstrated that, in most studies, the measure of beta diversity decreased after impact. In other words, biotic homogenization occurred after impact. The work also suggests some gaps that need to be filled. In the second chapter, a case study was carried out on the temporal variation of the zooplankton community in a stretch of the Tocantins River, after the construction of a hydroelectric plant, covering a period of 12 years. In this study, beta diversity was calculated using the method proposed by Legendre (2019), which allows identifying the gain and loss of species in the study area. When comparing the periods before and after the formation of the reservoir, the gain of species was greater than the loss. Probably the main factor responsible for the high values of beta diversity was the transformation of lotic to lentic environment. Therefore, the two chapters of this dissertation demonstrated the wide use of beta diversity indices and the importance of this tool in the analysis of environmental impacts.
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TEDESCO, A. O. Diversidade beta temporal como ferramenta para análise de impactos ambientais. 2021. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2021.