O testemunho na poesia de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen: aproximações entre ética e estética
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2022-05-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This Master thesis is focused on Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen’s poetry. Its
main corpus includes poems from four lyrical works written in the 1960s and
1970s – Livro sexto (1962), Geografia (1967), Dual (1972) and O nome das
coisas (1977) –, without neglecting other books, dispersed and unpublished
poetry and the important anthology Grades (1970). The poems selected in this
thesis, a remarkable and popular part of Andresen’s writings, are usually read
as social or engaged poetry, which part of her critics understand as Andresen’s
concessions to the political context she lived in. In this study, however, it was
proposed, as a general objective, this poetry’s examination linked to the
testimonial literature’s perspective, which consists of a literature that aims to
prevent the recurrence of atrocious events the writers have witnessed more
than carrying out just a present time’s engaged denunciations. Therefore, we
conceive that Andresen uses a poetic memory of both a better possible world
and Portuguese authoritarianism’s social ills; we also recognize, in this poetry
which thematizes horror, what Seligmann-Silva (2005) conceptualizes as
“testimonial content” (“teor testemunhal”). As specific objectives, we intended
to: (1) present and contextualize Andresen's work in 20th century Portugal; (2)
examine Andresen’s work with the support of testimonial perspective’s basic
categories (such as testimony, memory, violence and forgetfulness); and finally
to (3) investigate the implicit links between the ethical and aesthetic postures
in the author’s poetry. Methodologically, we pursued a bibliographic
investigation. Successively, we read Andresen’s literature, selected her most
relevant poems, reviewed testimony’s theory and the poet’s literary criticism,
and only then did we dedicate ourselves to the poems analysis. That being said,
this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one is the historicalbiographical panorama which justifies the importance of politics for Andresen
both poet and activist, in addition to observing her lyrical publications and their
critical reception. This same chapter summarizes how the testimonial categories
have been thought by Andresen's critics, highlighting the following studies:
Machado (2012a), Pereira (2003), Nahas (2015) and Soares (2015). Going
further, the second chapter critically analyzes those testimonial categories first
based on theoretical frameworks (Benjamin (2012), Gagnebin (2009), Levi
(1988, 2016) and Seligmann-Silva (2002, 2003, 2005), for instance) and also
based on the Poetics (“Artes Poéticas”) Andresen wrote. The third chapter is the
thesis’ culminating point and it analyzes Andresen’s lyrical production. This
chapter highlights the formal resources and thematic approaches that the poet
uses in her ethical-aesthetic project’s construction with testimonial content,
such as circumstantial markers, concrete nouns, lyrical self’s repositioning, in
addition to themes such as the poet’s role, death, exile, etc. We conclude that
the testimonial content’s investigation is viable in Andresen’s poetry and reveals
little explored facets of her lyrical writings, always connected with the necessary
union between ethics and aesthetics as an inseparable binomial.
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PEREIRA, S. C. C. O testemunho na poesia de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen: aproximações entre ética e estética. 2022. 183 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras e Linguística) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.