Produção de hidrogênio a partir de efluente do processo de fabricação de biodiesel
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2022-12-21
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The growing energy demand witnessed stems from the way industrial production processes
developed from 1970 onwards with the so-called new industrial revolution. This high demand
provoked an escalation in the production of fuels, having been supplied, since then, mainly by
fossil fuels. The use of this type of energy source results in the emission of compounds into
the atmosphere such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other gases that, if released in large
quantities, cause environmental imbalances such as the global warming. Such a scenario
reveals the need for an energy transition. The gradual transition from carbon-based fuels to
low or no-emissions would contain a likely energy crisis. Recent studies indicate that hydrogen
(H2) has great potential as one of the sources capable of complementing the high demand,
being a source of clean and sustainable energy. As a result, the treatment of industrial waste
aimed at transforming it into clean energy has been quite attractive, since in addition to
generating a by-product of great economic value, it also reduces the problem of final disposal.
Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the production of H2 from the effluent of the
biodiesel industry in a medium containing water under supercritical conditions in a continuous
flow reactor, verifying the effect of temperature and feed flow variation on the production of
hydrogen and/or synthesis gas generated by the process, performing statistical planning in
order to optimize the production of H2 through the Central Composite Design (CCD). The
independent variables analyzed were the Feed Flow (Qa) and the Temperature (T) with the temperature varying between 500 and 700 °C and the feed flow between 10 and 25 mL/min.
Hydrogen represented the highest percentage among the gases generated in the process, the
best condition indicated a percentagem (molar fraction) for H2 of 73.86%, for a temperature
of 700°C. Proportionally, the second highest generation gas was CO2, with the highest
percentage of 22.39% for a temperature of 529°C. The highest value for gas flow was
5540.80 mL/min (T of 700ºC and Qa of 17.55 mL/min). The response variable studied
statistically was the average gas flow (mL/min) compared to the H2 flow (mL/min). The
analyses indicated a significant increase in the generation of H2 and gasification of the sample
with the increase in temperature, while the feed flow did expressed less influence in relation
to the analyzed ranges, but showed a tendency to increase the production of H2 for higher
feed flow values. To verify the efficiency of the treatment of the effluent in the supercritical
environment, the load of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and other parameters of the raw
effluent were compared with the reduction of these after-treatment. The raw effluent sample
that initially had a TOC load of 48250.0 mgC/L, after being subjected to treatment via the
supercritical process, showed a greater TOC reduction of 82.62% for test 2, with a Qa of 12.
25 mL/min and temperature of 671°C, in addition to significant reductions in the analyzed
parameters, in compliance with national environmental legislation, showing that the process
using biodiesel industrial effluent as raw material is efficient for the production of hydrogen
and also for its treatment. The use of a homogeneous catalyst based on hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) in order to intensify treatment for removal of TOC showed an improvement in the
removal of the organic load of 4.13%.
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TEIXEIRA, I. R. Produção de hidrogênio a partir de efluente do processo de fabricação de biodiesel. 2022. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2022.