Concentração de elementos potencialmente tóxicos e radionuclideos nos solos da área de influência do Parque Nacional das Emas
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2023-09-07
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The research was based on the explanation of the history of use and occupation of the Chapadões areas in the
southwest of Goiás and, based on this analysis, the hypothesis that the soils, which are associated with the
intensive use of agriculture and livestock, may be enriched with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as
zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and
radionuclides , such as uranium, thorium and potassium (238U, 232Th and 40K). Based on this hypothesis,
the main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the environmental quality of the soils of the river basins in the
PARNA das Emas area of influence through the creation of Environmental Compartments that will serve as a
reference for the plateau regions of the Brazilian cerrado. To achieve this objective, 3 specific objectives were
proposed, namely: 1. Establish analogous natural areas of the river basins that drain the PARNA das Emas,
with hydrographic sub-basins as a mapping unit, 2. Analyze the spatialization of EPTs and radionuclides in
the chosen region ; 3. Analyze the levels of EPTs and radionuclides in the region's soils, based on the
Environmental Compartments created. To achieve these objectives, it was supported by various
methodologies, such as the creation of Landscape Units (UP), multivariate statistical analysis, principal
component analysis (PCA) for the interpretation of ETPs and radionuclides data, in addition to the use of
values reference based on CONAMA Resolution n.460/2003, Cetesb (2004) and work by (BOCARDI, 2019),
to help support the geochemical values found in the area. As a result, the UP enabled the creation of eight
Environmental Compartments (CA) that represent river basins outside the Emas National Park that are
analogous to the river basins inside the Park. When comparing the results of CA EPTs with CONAMA
Resolution n.460/2013 and Cetesb (2014) and the radiogenic elements with the work of Bocardi (2019) it is
possible to verify that the elements that presented the greatest problems were the ETPs As and Cd , which
resulted in research values in areas intended for agricultural use in CA-2 and CA-3. In CA-4, all points resulted
in investigational values for As and Cd, both in agricultural areas and in PARNA das Emas. CA-5 showed
investigational values for the ETPs As and Cd at points inside PARNA das Emas and in CA-6, P11, which is
in the UC area, presented investigational value for As and prevention value for Cd. CA-7 and 8 resulted in
prevention value for As and investigational value for Cd, both CA were in agricultural areas. Overall, the CA4 was the one that presented the most problems in relation to the elements analyzed. The PCA showed that
different CAs can have the same response in relation to the spatialization of the elements, such as CA 8, 7 and
6 of group 3, which have the same characteristics due to the geological formation of the Vale do Rio do Peixe,
which will give rise to to the sandiest soils in the region, with CA having fewer problems regarding the
adsorption of elements. Group 4 also has points that have higher percentages of sand in their structure and
groups 1 and 2 have a higher concentration of clay and OM in their structure. These are points that are mainly
influenced by Detritus-Lateritic Covers. Through the outliers, the PCA was able to verify that there are CA (4,
2 and 1) that were enriched with P, Ca, Mg, in addition to ETPs and radionuclides from the management of
agricultural areas. Therefore, they are different CAs that present the same response in relation to the type of
use in question. These points are part of the plateau areas of Central Brazil, converted into extensive
monoculture areas of sole, corn, sugar cane and cotton over the last 50 years. In this way, the PCA was crucial
to demonstrate, above all, these points that are radically different from the others.
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RAMALHO, F. L. Concentração de elementos potencialmente tóxicos e radionuclideos nos solos da área de influência do Parque Nacional das Emas. 2023. 181 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2023.