Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em cadetes da academia da força aérea brasileira
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2013-05-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Modifications in contemporary lifestyles reflect negatively on the individuals’ health
status and are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF),
and hence with the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, 31.3% of
deaths in Brazil occur in consequence of CVD. It is observed that CVRF have been
affecting the younger population, even the Brazilian military. Therefore, the aim of
this study was to determine the prevalence of some CVRF in cadets from the
Brazilian Air Force Academy (AFA). It was a cross-sectional observational study that
evaluated 166 cadets from the 1st to the 4th year of the AFA. Data collection was
performed at the AFA’s Clinic of Nutrition from the Health Subdivision , with
measures of anthropometric data: weight, height, body mass index, waist
circumference and skinfold thickness. Blood was collected for lipid profile and serum
glucose evaluation. Blood pressure was measured at rest. Three-day food records
were collected and analyzed using the software Avanutri®. Lifestyle was assessed
with a questionnaire which included physical activity and smoking habit data. The
Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the associations
between CVRF, gender and the year of entrance at the AFA. The food consumption
data were adjusted to the energy by the residual method. The significance level of
5% was adopted as standard. The study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of
Federal University of Goias and approved under Protocol n°. 189/12. The sample
was composed of 147 men and 19 women, mean (± SD) age of 21.5 ± 1.2 and 21.6 ±
0.9 years, respectively. It was verified that 29.7% of men and 16.7% of women were
overweight or obese. The prevalence of hypertension among men was 15.2%. The
lipid profile revealed that 50.7% of the cadets had hypercholesterolemia, 24.3% had
elevated LDL-c and 11.2%, low HDL-c. There was a significant association between
the time spent at AFA and low HDL-c. The prevalence of low HDL-c was statistically
higher among the cadets from the 1st and 2nd years. Food consumption data showed
that 58.7% of men and 50% of women had an intake above the daily requirement.
There was a high prevalence of saturated fats (87.2%) and cholesterol (42.7%)
intake in both genders. No cadet reached the recommendations for monounsaturated
and polyunsaturated fat intake and the inadequate intake of dietary fiber was
reported in 92.7% of them. It was verified that the young military personnel are
exposed to CVRF in a similar manner to young civilians. These results are relevant in
order to create and install multidisciplinary approaches aiming at reducing the risk of
CVD in the early stages of adulthood, thereby ensuring a better quality of life and
reduction of cardiovascular health problems in the long term of the future officers of
Brazilian Air Force.
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HILGENBERG, Fernanda Elisabete. Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em cadetes da academia da força aérea brasileira. 2013. 97 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Nutrição e Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.