A dinâmica socioespacial e as mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra no bioma cerrado
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2013-02-15
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The Cerrado biome has faced intense changes in land cover / land use since
the 70´s, related to both governmental policies and private initiatives focused on
the implementation of modern agricultural practices. In result, more than 50% of
its original vegetation has been converted and intensively fragmented, and
large-scale migration towards urban centers, in addition to others socialterritorial
impacts, has occurred. Within this context, this study aims at
understanding these transformations, prioritizing the spatial and temporal
dimensions regarding the conversion to cultivated pastures and croplands.
Considering that pastures represent the largest land use in the Cerrado, and
that such occupation is the main driver behind beef production, this work
specifically focused on pasture expansion, based on the spatially-explicit
analysis of historical census data. Likewise, we also investigated the expansion
of the Cerrado agricultural frontiers, for which four distinct areas, representing
both consolidated, as well as frontiers in development were selected and
mapped regarding land cover and land use changes from 1975 to 2010: a) the
central-south portion of the Goiás State, representative of consolidated areas;
b) the central portion of Mato Grosso, near the Cerrado – Amazon border; c) the
Bahia western portion, and d) the MAPITO region, encompassing the
convergence of the Maranhão, Piauí, and Tocantins states. Clearly, the
proximity to major consumption centers, induced by the demand for agricultural
commodities governmental incentives, drove land occupation, at different rates.
Thus, the biome central-south region, occupied more rapidly with both cultivated
pastures and crops, can be characterized as a traditional frontier, which
anticipated the establishment of the modern agriculture. On the other hand,
expansion of the agricultural frontier in more remote areas occurred more
recently, according to the consolidation of the private driven and state
supported commodity agriculture. It is worth of mentioning that in both
consolidated and expanding frontiers, cultivated pastures dispute the more
suitable lands with the crop agriculture. Although pastures are usually
constrained to low fertility soils and higher slope terrains, it remains close to the
consumption centers, confirming the Cerrado ability in properly accommodating
both economic activities.
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Citação
SILVA, Elaine Barbosa da. A dinâmica socioespacial e as mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra no bioma cerrado. 2013. 148 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.