Caracterização do ambiente de ocorrência natural, fruto e pseudofruto de caju arbóreo do cerrado (Anacardium othonianum), fenologia e implantação de coleção na ea/ufg
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2012-12-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The “caju arbóreo do Cerrado” (Anacardium othonianum) is a species typical of the Planalto Central, inhabits the Cerrado stricto sensu, “campo sujo” and “cerradão”, is a very productive species and its seeds germinate easily. The fruit is widely used in regional cuisine in natura, juice, candy, liquor and ice cream. However, human action, primarily through the extractivism, agricultural expansion, the city and highways, has limited the natural occurrence of “caju arbóreo do Cerrado”. What makes necessary to establish a collection for the sustainable conservation of the species. So the work was to study the sites of occurrence of natural “caju arbóreo do Cerrado”, physically and chemically characterize the fruits and cashew, establish a collection, evaluating the early development of seedlings of “caju arbóreo do Cerrado” in both nursery and field and assess the phenology of “caju arbóreo do Cerrado” trees already established. Selected 25 regions with naturally occurring “caju arbóreo do Cerrado", 23 in Goiás, Tocantins and 1 in Bahia. The characterization of naturally occurring areas of “caju arbóreo do Cerrado” was 22 areas of Goiás, characterized relief dominant type of vegetation, economic occupation and native tree species, and soil and leaf analysis. The physical characterization of fruit and cashew was made in 21 areas of Goiás, totaling 105 plants measuring mass, length and width and chemical characterization occurred in 17 areas of Goiás, analyzing the total soluble solids and titratable acidity. For the collection seeding 190 progeny of the 25 areas studied by analyzing the germination of seeds in nurseries, and height, diameter and number of leaves from 182 plants transplanted to the field in a randomized block design with three replications. The phenological analysis occurred in an agricultural area of EA / UFG plants deployed in 1993, in the production phase. The areas of Cerrado vegetation types present in the strict sense, woodland and field dirt, soil class predominant latosol, acid soils with low levels of macro and micronutrients and concretions and rates of nutrients in the leaves somewhat variable between plants. The fruits and cashew for physical characteristics have a high variability in the physical characteristics of the plants analyzed, ranging from three to seven statistically different groups, and most measurements in the intermediate groups, with the smallest variation in fruit weight and the higher the total mass of fruit, fruit width, fruit length and length of false. And for the chemical there was not a lot of variation between regions and can separate the features into two groups for total soluble solids and titratable acidity. The germination rate of the seeds of the cashew tree Cerrado was high with an average of 78% of the seeds germinated, with an average duration of 28 days from sowing to germination. The field evaluations of growth in height and diameter varied little with few saplings that stood out, most had low monthly growth increment, for height 88% of the seedlings grew to 38.67 cm in diameter and 75% of seedlings grew to 13.36 mm. The highest rate of growth increment in height was 0.23 cm diameter journals and diaries was 0.14 mm. The height, diameter and number of leaves are positively correlated. The fruiting occurs in the months between August and November, peaking in September, flowering occurs in the dry season ranging from April to November, peaking in August and folhação occurs between January to August with a peak in April. Climatic factors influence the fruiting and flowering. A positive correlation between fruiting and maximum temperature and flowering and insolation, and negative for flowering and minimum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity.
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BORGES, Rodrigo Tavares. Caracterização do ambiente de ocorrência natural, fruto e pseudofruto de caju arbóreo do cerrado (Anacardium othonianum), fenologia e implantação de coleção na ea/ufg. 2012. 151 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.