Gestão de resíduos da construção civil por meio da análise da certificação leed – o caso do estádio Maracanã - RJ
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2013-09-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The construction industry has caused negative impacts to the environment and at the same time plays an important role in the economy and social development. Uses natural resources, puts pollutants in the environment indiscriminately, changing the landscape, the environment and the health. At the same time, generates growth, quality of life and income for the country. The problems caused by construction are consequences of resistance to change and technological backwardness compared to other industries.
The objective of this research is to contribute to minimizing the generation of waste from construction, through sustainability in the construction industry, addressing the recommendations of the international body of LEED certification, using as an example its application on construction work of reform and adequacy of Maracanã Stadium for the 2014 FIFA world Cup, enabling the reduction of natural resource consumption, minimizing waste generation and reuse of waste in the work itself.
The methodology for analyzing the effects of the implementation of LEED in the work prioritized the issue of waste in construction. Losses and their causes were verified and established proposals for its minimization, considering the contributions of green certifications, more specifically, the LEED. There was a survey and analysis of the construction site, verification of the application of LEED in the work of Maracanã and actions implemented to reduce waste generation based on LEED criteria related to analyzing the generation of waste that were applied in the work.
To achieve the research objectives was necessary, at first, make a review of the literature and know the theoretical and methodological bases of waste generation, discussing the processes that generate construction waste, with a focus on presenting guidelines that minimize the production solid construction waste at construction sites. In a second stage, was elaborated case study of the work of reform and adaptation of the Maracana Stadium in order to verify in practice the causes of waste materials in construction and present strategies for change. The research was conducted by analyzing the design and execution of the work under consideration, confronted the data collected in the field research with data provided by the Consortium and with technical data identified in the literature review. Seeking to contribute for the development of the sector, was presented the prospect of the practices at construction of Maracanã and made a critical analysis of the initiatives implemented in this work.
The analysis of the layout of the construction site of the Maracanã showed that prerequisites for the smooth functioning of the activities present in it were contemplated. The proximity of the activities and related equipment facilitated the flow and course of work, avoiding losses for transportation and time. Tools were used in the verification of the actions proposed by the LEED and implemented in construction site in seeking to present their contributions and see the flaws in the process. Through them was possible to obtain material losses and their causes and propose strategies for solving such problems. In the work was identified significant material losses related to concrete and steel coming from the demolition of the stands and coverage. It was possible to achieve the LEED target of 75% diverted from landfill, where part was reused in the work itself and the remainder was destined to certified and specialized companies at reuse these materials.
Following the LEED procedures implanted at the construction site to meet the criteria focused on waste, actions such as storage of material near the workplace, wheel wash facility, stalls for collect waste, training, in order to avoid the generation of waste and reduce the environmental impact caused by them were present in the work of the Maracanã. Was realized a LEED perspective at the stages at the work, where in May 2013 the end result was achieved. The work of reform and adequacy of the Maracanã Stadium for the FIFA World Cup 2014 reached Silver certification, totaling 53 points.
It is concluded that all involved in the construction play an important role in the search for sustainability. Is needed to think and work together with the project all areas of the building. Environmental education and training of staff are crucial to the progress of the build process towards sustainability. The actions implemented in the work based on LEED certification assist in the process of sustainability. However, these should be developed in conjunction with the design stage, being conceived from the start of the process, thus providing a reduction of losses of materials in the construction sites and the sustainability of the enterprise. Sustainability should be applied as a means to a better relation between the work with the society, environment, without disregarding the economic factor that drives this whole chain. For this, the agents of the construction should work systemically and highlight the importance of environmental education for the development of sustainable construction.
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VINCIGUERRA, Mariangela. Gestão de resíduos da construção civil por meio da análise da certificação leed – o caso do estádio Maracanã - RJ. 2013. 153 f. Dissertação (Dissertação em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.