Análise da dispersão de poluentes de origem veicular na BR-153 e sua relação com o uso do solo em área urbana do município de Goiânia
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2014-04-25
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The BR-153 is 15 kilometers long within Goiânia city, therefore, the evaluation of the levels of air pollution and noise related to the presence of the highway is an object of considerable importance. To this end, the situation in three variables related to environmental degradation was analyzed: the airborne particulate matter mass (PM) adsorbed on the leaf surface, the metals concentration presents in PM and the intensity of sound pressure. Due owning urban parameters that apply mostly in built macrozone - density basic standard - the region of Setor Morais and Vila Morais have been chosen to perform the measurements and the collections, which were done to both highway sides as for distant points, with the goal to make the dispersion analysis of such pollutants. The PM was collected from the leaves surface of seven copies of monguba (Pachira aquatica), which are found at different distances from the highway axis: near the axis and at 100, 200 and 300 meters from the track, on both sides; the metals concentration data were obtained from analysis by atomic absorption. Data on noise pollution were collected at four points: 13, 50, 150 and 300 m from the highway axis, along a cross-street, using type 2 sound level meter - the data analysis was performed with reference to the parameters set by NBR 10.151 for noise comfort. The collections and the measurements were made from July to December 2013, accompanied by checks climatic parameters in order to determine the influence of these parameters on the dispersion of possible pollutants. The highest value related to PM was 19.1 μg/mm2 of leaf surface, detected in September. No significant differences were observed in the mass PM and the metal concentration in the leaves of different trees. There was a decrease in the mass of PM with the highest rainfall, but for Zn, Ni and Fe concentrations, a higher concentration was observed in the rainy season. As for the sound pressure, nonconformity with acoustic comfort levels near the highway was observed, wherein the level reached 80.3 dB (A) on two occasions. For furthermost points - at 150 and 300 m - was observed that possible shortcoming is due mainly to noise sources locations. This work suggests revision of the land use allowed in the study area, associated with the change in the type of highway traffic to ensure to ensure less risk of environmental degradation to the population.
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REIS, Adriano Francisco dos. Análise da dispersão de poluentes de origem veicular na BR-153 e sua relação com o uso do solo em área urbana do município de Goiânia. 2014. 130 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.