Contribuições ao estado de Goiás na gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos
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2014-09-05
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The accelerated process, and without planning, of urbanization in Brazilian cities, not accompanied by the necessary sanitation infrastructure, coupled with the neglect that the management and treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) was relegated in Brazil, contributed to that, 2013, 28,83 million tons of this waste were discarded in landfills throughout the country (ABRELPE, 2013). In Goiás, the reality follows the same rule and only 16, of its 246 municipalities, have regularly their MSW in 15 properly licensed landfills (SEMARH, 2014b). Timely resolution initiatives, with the implementation of controlled landfills, were adopted in Goiás, resulting in garbage dumps, with the passage of time, by county managerial incapacity that, 36 years after the Federal Constitution of 1988, have it raised to the condition of federal entity, still keeps dependent on technical and financial resources of the states and the Union. The decentralization of the government, which gave him the authority over services related to MSW, among others, found, in general, without the experience and structure required to perform it (ABRUCIO AND COUTO, 1996). The transfer of financial resources did not happen in the same proportion of responsibilities, which explains its inability to manage the waste by itself. Although the MSW not constitute the greatest volume among the solid wastes or greater environmental impact with them is that the urban population in general, have greater proximity, and therefore they are considered in this study, such as the solid waste that, routinely and more directly, affect the life of the city and the quality of life of its population, which demonstrates the importance of a policy that discipline them. The ultimate solution to the country, is set by the Union, with the structure of the legal framework and the definition of national policies, sanitation and solid waste, Law No. 11,445 / 2007 and Law No. 12,305 / 2010, respectively. The legislation establishes the responsibilities of federal agencies in the implementation of these policies in their territories, and shows the city as the main agent for that purpose. The state determines minor role relevance of indirect impact, giving him the responsibility of planning the integration actions of municipalities on issues of common interest, especially in metropolitan areas and support for the training of municipal consortia should favor scale and reduce costs. This study aimed to contribute to the work of the state of Goiás in MSW and, therefore, met all legal requirements, charged against the state by law 11.445/2007 and 12.305/2010, what in its writings refer to MSW and analyzed them from the perspectives of the panorama of MSW in Brazil and Goiás and that state action dynamics in matters related to such waste, in the last 10 years, researched the available documents and specific interviews. This study also intended to know, in the existing literature, policy successful experiences in the organization of MSW, in the European Union and, in particular, in Portugal, in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, contrasting them with legal requirements raised in a matrix that enabled us to verify the applicability of each experiment for compliance with those requirements. This research concluded that the municipal planning or a group of municipalities planning are restricted to the limits of its territory, while the dynamics of MSW takes place beyond its borders. It also concluded that it is essential to integrate these fragmented plans of municipal units, from the perspective of the entire state territory to which it belongs and the state of Goiás lacks leadership in the implementation process of the National Sanitation Policy and Solid Waste National Policy. Finally, this research proposed to the state of Goiás four strands of activity - political, structural, socioeconomic and control - which cover compliance with all the requirements allocated to it by the national sanitation policies and solid waste which if it is accepted, can be incorporated into the planning of MSW and contribute to the proper management of this kind of waste in Goiás.
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DIAS, L. M. Contribuições ao estado de Goiás na gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. 2014. 194 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.