Desenvolvimento tecnológico e caracterização de extratos vegetais obtidos a partir das raízes de Piper umbellatum L. (Piperaceae)
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2014-12-05
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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In this work, the impacts of the spray drying technique were evaluated over technological development of P. umbellatum root´s extracts besides assessing their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The work was performed in three steps: A) processing and physicochemical characterization of the plant raw material; B) obtain and physicochemical characterization of the fluid extract and; C) assessment of the spray drying technique for obtaining dry extracts of P. umbellatum. The herbal drug and fluid extract were obtained and characterized by general Pharmacopeia methods. Dried extracts were obtained using Aerosil® (colloidal silicon dioxide) as adjuvant. Several physicochemical features were analyzed such as, drying air temperature, extract feed flow rate and adjuvant: plant extract ratio. Interaction of all these factors on the water activity (AW) of P. umbellatum dried extracts as well as the overall content of 4-NRC (T4-NRC) were determined by HPLC- PDA, in addition to its antioxidant activity (AAO). Response surface methodology (RSM) from a factorial design Box-Behnken was used to evaluate all together. Performance of the drying process and particles morphology were also assessed by scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Moreover, the assayed fluid extract showed T4-NRC of 43.81 ± 0.42% (w/w) and EC50 of 6.28 ± 0.11 mg/L for AAO in the presence of free radical DPPH thus, displaying suitable physicochemical characteristics to achieve dry extracts. Hence, all studied physicochemical factors agreed to general quality control standards for spray drying process. Dry extracts showed high yields (up to 74.17%, w/w) with AW and TU levels assuring chemical and microbiological stability. Powders showed particles predominantly with oval morphology and irregular porous surface. The higher AAO for dried P. umbellatum extracts were seen at the smallest adjuvant ratio (50% w / w) combined to the highest extract´s feed flow rate (5 mL / min) or, alternatively, at the highest proportion of adjuvant (70% w / w) and lowest feed flow rate (3 mL / min). Accordingly, T4-NRC was larger when using lower temperature air drying (110 °C) and a higher proportion of Aerosil® (70%, w/w). As a result, spray drying technique was feasible to obtain P. umbellatum dry extract´s adding value on its therapeutical potential besides opening new research perspectives to raw materials obtained from this plant.
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MACHADO, R. D. Desenvolvimento tecnológico e caracterização de extratos vegetais obtidos a partir das raízes de Piper umbellatum L. (Piperaceae). 2014. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.