Avaliação da qualidade das águas superficiais e metodologia para determinação de bacias críticas em áreas do cerrado: exemplo da região das nascentes do rio Araguaia, GO
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2015-03-30
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The water is an essential resource for the existence of life. The multiple uses of this resource,
as well as the type of land use present in areas drained by rivers can affect the quality of its
waters. The establishment of a framework on water in Brazil occurred in 1934 with the creation
of the Water Code, later the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the National Water Resources
Policy 1997 contributed to the standardization of water uses. Classification and use of water
based on law allowed the establishment of physical, chemical and biological acceptable quality,
according to their class and use. Indicators and Water Quality Indices are important tools for
identifying pollution and/or contamination of the water, so present themselves as instruments
in the management of water resources. In view of the pressure that water resources are suffering
and the intensification of land use for agricultural activities in areas of Cerrado, this research
aimed to identify critical sub-basins as the quality of surface waters in Goias sector of basis
waters of the Araguaia river. Therefore, the research methodology is based on a literature
review on the topic Water Quality, Environmental Processes in River Basin, Water Quality
Indicators and Critical Areas; thematic maps, land use, the Water Quality Index - IQA and
critical sub-basins were prepared in a GIS environment, through ArcGIS 10 program; Two field
work to collect samples were carried out in eleven sub-basins at the beginning and end of the
rainy season with multiparameter equipment; reading the temperature parameters, total
dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen potential (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO) and redox potential
(Eh) were performed in the field, and the analysis of nitrate and phosphorus parameters
performed in laboratory; to get the results was performed the analysis of water quality and
comparison with land use sub-basin; application of the IQA, statistical analysis using the
Pearson correlation coefficient, and identification of critical sub-basins. The sub-basins studied
exhibited high rates of anthropic use in your area as a whole and in the riparian zone. All subbasins
had values above the established by CONAMA to match. The results pointed to the
interference of land use, climate seasonality and the physical and natural attributes on water
quality. It was noticed that the sub-basins with more expressive use of pasture also showed the
worst water quality and sub-basins with more training in forest riparian areas tended to have
better water quality. Overall, the methodological procedures used were presented to support
efficient research on the quality of water and allowed to verify different levels of impairment
of water quality of the sources of the Araguaia river. In this sense, the identification of critical
sub-basins, based on the understanding of the interrelationship between the different variables
that make up the open system of a watershed is an important mechanism for planning,
management, and monitoring of water resources.
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BARBOSA, P. M. Avaliação da qualidade das águas superficiais e metodologia para determinação de bacias críticas em áreas do cerrado: exemplo da região das nascentes do rio Araguaia, GO. 2015. 128 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.