Menos complementares e redundantes, porém mais jovens: organização de assembleias de aves em monoculturas florestais
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2015-04-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The increasing demand for timber and pulpwood has triggered an increase
in areas of tree monocultures. The effects of native vegetation conversion in such
monocultures have been extensively debated, but the consequences of this land use
change to functionality and evolutionary history conservation have been little studied.
Here, we evaluated how the avifauna responds to nature ecosystem conversion in tree
monocultures by quantifying changes in local diversity (alpha diversity) and in
assemblage composition (beta diversity), in their functional and phylogenetic
components. We compiled forty paired bird lists in native vegetation areas and in
comparable tree monoculture areas. Changes in alpha diversity were quantified by paired
tests of observed values in native vegetation and in tree monocultures, and changes in
assemblages composition through additive partitioning of beta diversity in nestedness and
turnover components. We observed that tree monocultures are impoverished in number of
species, supporting lower functional richness and less functionally similar assemblages.
This demonstrates that environmental filter selecting and limiting similarity processes
concurrently modify functional structure of bird assemblages, resulting in loss of
functional complementarity and redundancy. Species in tree monocultures are also
evolutionary younger and less related to each other. We showed that bird assemblages in
tree monoculture are composed largely by functionally and phylogenetic different species
from that assemblages in native vegetation. Body size, diet and foraging traits were the
major functional traits in predicting the absence of the species in tree monocultures.
Alson, we show that annual average temperature, annual average pluviosity and stage of
understory development in tree monocultures are important predictors of diversity loss in
these type of monoculture.
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LABECCA, Fábio Martins. Menos complementares e redundantes, porém mais jovens: organização de assembleias de aves em monoculturas florestais. 2015. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.