Avaliação de diferentes substratos no tratamento de esgoto sanitário por zona de raízes
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Data
2011-06-28
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The present study had the goal of assessing the efficiency and behavior of three
substrates in the treatment of sanitary sewage in a root zone system. Specifically the
objectives were to assess the behavior of the washed sand, gravel # 0 and gravel # 1 substrates
and relate their efficacies in a root zone system with sub-superficial horizontal flow preceded
by a septic tank and an anaerobic filter in the treatment of a sewage coming from one
university unit. The repetitions of raw sewage constituted of five simple samples and five
composed samples. The repetitions of the effluent of each stage of the treatment constituted of
nineteen simple samples. All the samples were performed fortnightly and submitted to
laboratorial analysis. Were assessed parameters the BOD, DO, COD, thermotolerant
coliforms, pH, total phosphorus, Kjeldahl total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, oil and grease,
total solids, total fixed solids and suspended solids. The experimental system of sewage
treatment was set up at the Civil Engineering College, located at Campus I of the Federal
University of Goiás, in the east region of the city of Goiânia – Goiás, Brazil, which
constituted of a septic tank and an anaerobic filter, followed by three independent units of root
zones. Each unit of the root zones received the flow of 180 L d-1, which corresponds to the
area of a treatment station of 3 m2 per inhabitant. The treatment in these units occurred
simultaneously. After thirty days from the beginning of the sewage application in the root
zones, the collection of the samples to the analysis of the effluent and affluent quality were
started. Considering the plant evapotranspiration, the results were analyzed by the tool
Statistical Analysis System – SAS, performing F tests and Tukey – Kramer test with a 5%
probability. The percentage efficacies of the three substrates used were similar. There hasn’t
been any significant difference between the efficacies of the treatments in the removal of the
attributes: COD, Kjeldahl total nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, oil and grease. The treatment
with washed sand substrate was more efficient in the removal of BOD and total phosphorous.
The gravel # 0 was more efficient in the removal of thermotolerant coliforms, total solids and
fixed total solids, and gravel # 1 was more efficient in the removal of suspended solids. After
18 months the system started working, the channel filled with washed sand colmatated.
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PITALUGA, Douglas Pereira da Silva. Avaliação de diferentes substratos no tratamento de esgoto sanitário por zona de raízes. 2011. 133 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2011.