Caracterização e avaliação da distribuição de sedimentos e metais em superfícies urbanas no município de Goiânia
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2015-09-22
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Urban sediments are potentially polluting because of their association with pollutants such as
heavy metals, which occur frequently in industrial activities, increasing the possibility of
contamination of water bodies generated by urban runoff. This study aimed to evaluate the
composition and the temporal and spatial distribution of sediments in the urban area in the city
of Goiania, quantifying the burden and the accumulation of sediment and metals, grain size and
organic / inorganic fraction in a portion of the 3 gutter roads and the ledge of a building, for
five months. The data was related to the amount of rainfall, traffic flow and wind strength. To
this end, three streets were selected with different flows of vehicles, classified as low, medium
and high flow. The sediment samples were collected in six installments of 0.5 m2, located in
the gutter of the streets during four days of each month from June to October, using the method
of brushing and vacuuming, proposed by Seep and Chiew (2002). Also sediment samples were
collected on the slab of a building 3.5m height from the floor, and analyzed the load and metals
present in the particulate material contained in the filter of a high volume sampler particles.
Screening and laser diffraction analyzes were performed to determine the particle size. They
determined the concentrations of all metals analyzed by Optical Emission Spectrometry with
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). For the determination of organic and inorganic
fractions we used the method described by STANDARD METHODS (E 2540). For metals in
sediment, it was found that higher concentrations are preferably in the particles <63 pm and
that follow, in general, the order Al> Fe> Ca> Ti> Mg> K> In> Ba> S> P > Mn> Zn> Cu> V>
Cr> Si> Sr> Pb> Ni> U> Li> Co> Mo> Be> Cd. It was not possible to clearly observe a
relationship between sludge load with the intensity of wind. As for the particle size, it was
possible to observe a decrease in particle size of the sediment deposited on the slab of the
building, with increasing wind speed. It was also observed an inverse behavior of the collected
particulate matter in the high volume sampler particles and material collected in the gutter,
where, with the rainfall there was a trend in the concentration of metals and charge build-up in
the gutter and decrease the filter. As for the organic and inorganic fractions, it observed that the
way to greater presence of trees showed higher organic fraction, and the way the sediments
have, in general, higher organic fraction of the sediments of "white". The average diameter of
the particles showed an increasing trend with the rainfall, and a direct relationship with the flow
of vehicles, where the route to greater flow of cars had the highest grain sizes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sedimentos , Acúmulo , Metais , Superfícies urbanas , Sediments , Build-up , Metals , Urban surfaces
Citação
SANTOS, C. M. S. M. Caracterização e avaliação da distribuição de sedimentos e metais em superfícies urbanas no município de Goiânia. 2015. 94 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2015.