Análise geoquímica e ambiental das bacias hidrográficas dos córregos Almeida e Santa Rita em Aparecida de Goiânia/Go
Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
Data
2015-11-17
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The urban dynamics combined with the rapid growth of cities, in many cases poorly planned,
generates a range of social and environmental problems that end up negatively impact natural
systems and counterproductive way to affect water resources. Therefore, this research was
developed that aimed to analyze the environmental condition of watersheds in urban areas,
having as object specific the watersheds of streams Almeida and Santa Rita in Aparecida de
Goiânia/GO. To achieve the goal were followed four basic steps, namely (1) the analysis of
the environmental quality of springs, (2) environmental analysis of river basins, (3) the
analysis of the environmental condition of critical parts of basins and (4) the physicochemical
and microbiological analysis of water from river basins. To analyze the environmental quality
of the springs was developed and implemented a Rapid Assessment Protocol, where were
established some parameters for checking the quality of the springs as water color, odor,
waste, floating materials, foams, oils, the sewer, the preservation of vegetation use by
animals, for human use, site protection, the proximity to residences or establishments and type
of each spring insertion area. It was found that among the sources analyzed only 33% have
positive environmental quality and 67% of springs suffer from impacts that compromise their
systems. In environmental analysis they were identified the most intense environmental
impacts as siltation, erosion, pollution and contamination of soil and water by solid waste and
liquid resulting from domestic and industrial sources, and other processes which lead to
degradation of the environment. To assess the environmental condition of the water body
eight were selected excerpts and it was developed and implemented a Rapid Assessment
Protocol composed by analysis of parameters such as the type of occupation of the banks of
the water body, erosions nearby and/or the banks, silting up of the bed, anthropogenic change,
vegetation cover on the bed, the smell of water, water oiliness, water transparency, the odor of
the sediment (background), the oiliness of the fund, the fund type, the type of bottom habitats,
types of substrate, the deposition of mud, changes in the river channel, the characteristics of
the water flows, the presence of riparian vegetation, the stability of margins, riparian forest
extension, presence of aquatic plants and the extent and frequency of rapids. In this analysis,
only two stretches had good environmental condition, being considered preserved
environments. For physical-chemical analysis of water quality were chosen three sampling
points: one in the stream basin Almeida (point 1), another in the creek watershed Santa Rita
(point 2) and the third at the meeting of the two basins (point 3). This analysis considered the
following parameters: turbidity, color, pH, iron, hardness, chloride, alkalinity, oxygen
consumption, CO2 free, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. From these, we
found the level of pollution and water contamination, and the basin of the stream Almeida
possessing more polluted and contaminated water and the basin of the stream Santa Rita with
the highest level of quality water. It was also made microbiological analysis of water in the
same spots. In all of them the count of heterotrophic bacteria, the amount of total coliforms
and E. coli exceeded the limit allowed by law. Thus, from these four steps we believe we have
developed a survey that can bring to light the problems environmental existing in urban
watersheds of the municipality and thus provide subsidies for the construction of social and
environmental policies in Aparecida de Goiânia/GO, given that that these problems permeate
also the breakdown of social structures. Similarly, we consider relevant the contribution of
this work to new academic researches in watersheds situated in urban areas.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Citação
BELIZÁRIO, W. S. Análise geoquímica e ambiental das bacias hidrográficas dos córregos Almeida e Santa Rita em Aparecida de Goiânia/Go. 2015. 219 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás,Goiânia, 2015.