Estrutura filogenética de assembleias de árvores do Cerrado. Compreendendo a biogeografia e história evolutiva do bioma
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2016-03-04
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Understanding the processes that guide species distribution is a classic aim of Ecology. Several approaches were used to reach this objective. The use of phylogenetic data to elucidate and comprehend ecological patterns and processes has grown recently. However, the use of phylogeny as proxy to species traits, considering the premise that species phylogenetically closely related are functionally related, has been contested along the years. From these questions, several authors have thought about what is the best way to use the phylogenetic knowledge to better understand ecological and biogeographical patterns and processes. The Cerrado is the second largest biome of Brazil and has great biodiversity and many endemic species. The knowledge about the biome evolution has grown, but more studies still are necessary do deeply understand the origin of its biodiversity. Our aim was to use phylogenetic knowledge to try clarifying the evolutionary history of Cerrado biome. The first chapter brings a scientometric analysis of “Phylogenies and community ecology” paper by Webb et al. (2002). We conclude that the paper was very important to establish the “Ecophylogenetics” field, because even with a contested initial view, the work was important to bring the researchers attention about the use of phylogenies in ecological and evolutionary studies. The second chapter brings a phylogenetic approach to understand the Cerrado biome evolution and its relationship with other biomes surrounding it, using the Caesalpinioideae subfamily (Fabaceae) as model. In this chapter we observed that Cerrado biodiversity was originated by habitat shifting, which species from another biome, Caatinga in this case, can colonize a new environment and establish. However, some clades evolved in situ, diversifying in the Cerrado biome. The third chapter bring a deeper study on Cerrado evolution, using as model all trees that occur on Cerrado biome. In this chapter we studied the phylogenetic relationships among species that occur in different phytophisiognomies. We conclude that, although cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão be very similar, the other phytophysiognomies have independent evolutionary histories. Lastly, we conclude that phylogenetic knowledge is useful to understand historical and biogeographical processes. The vegetal biodiversity diversification of Cerrado was influenced by historical events like the C4 plants diversification and the uplift of Brazil Central shield. Besides, there are evidences that the Cerrado phytofisiognomies have independent evolutionary histories. The chapters add up previous studies to favour a better comprehension of Cerrado origin and evolution of its biodiversity, bringing new perspectives for future studies.
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SOUZA NETO, A. C. Estrutura filogenética de assembleias de árvores do Cerrado. Compreendendo a biogeografia e história evolutiva do bioma. 2016. 283 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.