Comportamento preferencial de leitões na fase de creche em ambiente enriquecido
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2016-03-09
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The welfare's absence in animal breeding has a direct impact on food production, affecting internal trade and especially exports. Environmental enrichment is the improvement of facilities in order to make the environment more appropriate to behavioral needs. Inserting objects in the environment such as, tires, chains, ropes, plastic bottles, wood or plastic bars are the most common types of environmental enrichment. However, only few tests have been made on swine's preference by the types of objects available to enrich its environment. It was aimed to evaluate the preferred behavior, as well as, animal performance (daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion) and lesion rates in pigs in the nursery stage using different types of objects (tire and metal chain), and scenarios (suspended, embedded in the wall, fixed on the floor). The experiment was performed in a commercial farm from July 30 to September 21, 2015. The animals were housed in collective cages, partially slatted floor, equipped with semi-automatic feeders and nipple drinkers. Every room with eight cages 113,02 ft² each, which makes a 2712,51 ft² experimental area. 696 pigs were used in Choice Genetics® breed, with an average age of 21 days, average weight of 12,34 pounds, divided between males and females. The pigs were divided into the treatment groups of 29 animals. The experimental design was a randomized block, with four different presentation scenarios of objects (control = without enriching object; T + C suspended = tire + suspended metal chain; T + C wall = tire and embedded metal chain on the wall; T + C floor = tire and fixed metal chain on the floor), repeated six times in a row. Camcorders were used for filming and subsequent evaluation of the behavior recorded every 10 minutes during 11 hours per day (7 a.m. to 6 p.m.), once in a week, 41 days. In the treatments with environmental enrichment, there were differences in the interaction with enriching objects (P <0.05). Regarding the presentation and the type of object, the animals preferred the suspended position and metal chain, respectively. The animal performance factors (daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion), and lesion rates, were not influenced by environmental enrichment.
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LEAL, Guilherme Brunno de Medeiros. Comportamento preferencial de leitões na fase de creche em ambiente enriquecido. 2016. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016, Goiânia.