Características do capim-piatã e desempenho de bovinos em sistemas silvipastoris no cerrado brasileiro
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2016-03-23
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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The presence of trees in silvopastoral systems (SSP) can influence the forage dry mass, the structural and chemical characteristics as well as animal performance in these systems. Modeling is a tool that can help to understand the dynamics of forage growth in SSP. The research objective was to evaluate the cumulative dry matter, availability, structural characteristics and chemical composition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã (Piatã grass) and animal performance in two densities of trees in silvopastoral system, in contrast to area without trees, in the rainy and dry periods in the Brazilian Cerrado. Concomitantly, the study tested the ability of the STICS crop model to simulate forage dry mass production and leaf area index of Piatã grass. The forage was the Piatã grass and the tree species the eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla) planted on the North-South direction, with the treatments: forage in area without eucalyptus (control); forage grown on eucalyptus understory with spacing between rows of 22 m (SSP22); forage grown on eucalyptus understory with spacing between rows of 12 m (SSP12). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications and evaluations were conducted from April 2013 to April 2014. There was a reduction in cumulative dry mass and in the accumulation rate of Piatã grass in SSP in the rainy period and the Western side suffered greater interference from trees during this period. For every 1% reduction of photosynthetically active radiation occurred a decrease of 1.35% in the forage dry mass, corresponding to 42.8 kg ha-1. The structural traits of Piatã grass were changed in both periods in SSP. There was a higher availability of dry mass in the treatment without trees in both periods and the SSP22 treatment was higher than SSP12 only in the rainy season. In SSP12 and SSP22 treatments higher levels of crude protein, but lower density of forage were observed. The stem-leaf ratio and in vitro digestibility of dry matter were higher in control compared to SSP12. The treatments did not affect cell wall components, but the period of the year did. The stocking rate was higher in control and the animal average daily gain did not differ between treatments. The live weight gain per hectare was higher in SSP22 compared to SSP12 and both were lower than control. The low values for all statistical criteria showed the good performance of the STICS model in the simulation of dry mass, forage accumulation and leaf area index, and it is a promising model for the simulation of these variables. From this study, new simulations may be conducted to calibrate this model to help to define spacing between alleys potential for SSP. To adopt the SSP, with eucalyptus trees planted on North-South direction and with the main objective of producing animals, spacing between alleys not less than 22 m is recommended.
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SANTOS, D. C. Características do capim-piatã e desempenho de bovinos em sistemas silvipastoris no cerrado brasileiro. 2016. 82 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Animal) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.