Avaliação da atividade tipo antidepressiva do óleo essencial das folhas de Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. e de seu componente majoritário, β-cariofileno
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2016-03-31
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil., popularly known as “manacá”, is a vegetal
specie found in Cerrado regions. The chemical composition of essential oil of
“manacá” (OEM) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified
-caryophyllene (BCP) as the majority constituent. Pre-clinical studies indicated the
anxiolytic like effect of OEM is associated with serotonergic system. Some data
revealed that depression and anxiety disorders often coexist together instead only
one in the patient and some drugs are effective for both disturbs. In this context, we
created the hypothesis that OEM and BCP should present antidepressant like effect.
This study was conducted for evaluate the antidepressant like activity of OEM and
the phytoconstituent β-caryophyllene and verified the possible mechanisms involved
in this activity. Male Albino Swiss mice were used in the open field (OFT), forced
swim (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The animals were treated with increasing
doses of OEM (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and of BCP (25, 50, 70, 100 and 140
mg/kg). The treatment with OEM at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, BCP at doses of
50, 70 and 100 mg/kg reduced the immobility time of animals in the TST without
alteration in the exploratory activity in the OFT. The dose of 500 mg/kg of OEM and
dose of 100 mg/kg of BCP showed the best effect and were chosen to continue the
study. Possible alterations in the levels of serotonin (5 – HT), noradrenaline (NE) and
in the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were verified in the mechanisms of
action. The anti-immobility time of OEM was reverted by the pre-treatment with NAN-
190 (0,5 mg/kg i.p., 30 minutes before – 5-HT1A antagonist), PCPA (100 mg/kg i.p.,
during 4 days – inhibitor of serotonin synthesis), AMPT (100 mg/kg i.p., 4 h before –
inhibitor of catecholamines), ioimbine (1 mg/kg i.p., 15 minutes before - 2 adrenergic
antagonist) and propranolol (2 mg/kg i.p., 15 minutes before - adrenergic
antagonist), but was not reverted by the pretreatment with prazosin (1 mg/kg i.p., 15
minutes before - α1 adrenergic antagonist), suggesting the involvement of
serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in the antidepressive like activity. About
the BCP, the pre-treatment with NAN-190, in the conditions described above, did not
block the antidepressive like activity of this compound, suggesting the absence of
participation of serotonergic system in this activity. The prazosin did not reverse the
effect of BCP. However, the previous administration of AMPT, ioimbine and
propranolol in the same conditions described above, prevents the antidepressant like
activity of BCP in the FST, suggesting the involvement of catecholamines, specifically
of NE, in the antidepressive like effect of the BCP. In relation with the capacity to
alter the hipocampal levels of BDNF, BCP showed this activity after 14 days of
treatment. In this sense we conclude that OEM and the phytoconstituent (BCP)
showed antidepressant like effect with involvement of serotonergic system and of the
5-HT1A receptor in the action of OEM, but not of the BCP. Moreover, a activation of α2
and β-adrenergic receptors, but not of 1, are involved in the activity of OEM and of
the BCP found in this study. Additionally, the increase in the hippocampal levels of
BDNF, can be the responsible, at least in part, with the antidepressant like activity of
BCP.
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OLIVEIRA, D. R. Avaliação da atividade tipo antidepressiva do óleo essencial das folhas de Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. e de seu componente majoritário, β-cariofileno. 2016. 123 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.