Prioridades para a conservação de anfíbios da Mata Atlântica
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2014-03-18
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Global processes such as: habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species and
climate change are driving many species to extinction. In the face of these threats,
the development of systematic planning which indicates the most important
biodiversity conservation areas has become widely accepted. The establishment
of protected areas is the main strategy for the protection of biodiversity and
maintenance of ecosystem processes due to its feasibility and economic cost.
However, species distribution can be altered by global climate change and,
possibly, the current network of protected areas may not be sufficient for species
representation in future scenarios. The impact of climate change on biodiversity
can be anticipated by spatial prioritization for conservation through the
development of dynamic conservation plans. However, it is clear that some
species have a more important ecological role than others (due to their biological
and life history characteristics) which includes the unique challenge of taking an
integrated view of biodiversity in conservation planning into account. The
Atlantic Forest is a lush biome which holds 7.7% of the world's known species of
amphibians and high concentration of endemic species. However, the Atlantic
Forest is also one of the most threatened tropical biomes of the world, mainly due
to the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. This thesis provides proposals
for conservation efforts, considering the possible effects of climate change and
also the wider aspects of biodiversity. For this, I used the available amphibian
data from the Red List of Threatened Species of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature, available climate models, information on protected areas
by the World Database on Protected Areas, and attributes of species and the
phylogenetic tree consistent with specific literature. Chapter 1 highlights a discussion on the impact of climate change and priorities for biodiversity
conservation and the importance of including the functional and phylogenetic
diversity in conservation efforts. Chapter 2 brings a discussion about available
data for conservation studies, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of
using maps of extent of occurrence in systematic planning for conservation.
Chapter 3 shows the effectiveness of protected areas in maintaining species
richness under climate change from consensual projections of species
distribution models for amphibians inhabiting of the Atlantic Forest. In this
chapter, we identified that protected areas may gain or lose species due to climate
change according to the location of the current network of protected areas.
Chapter 4 presents an alternative approach to complement the existence of
protected areas and incorporates possible changes in species distribution. The
prioritization is based mainly on the distribution of species in both present and
future scenarios. This chapter outlines a conservation plan that minimizes the
effects of climate change on species dispersion. Besides these effects on species
dispersion, this solution also minimizes the uncertainty associated with
distribution models and prioritizing areas of low uncertainty. Chapter 5 explains
the spatial prioritization of conservation, including different aspects of
biodiversity, such as: phylogenetic & functional diversity measures and their
influence on evolutionary history and underlying ecological processes. The main
objective is to identify and compare the places that contain the most information
on the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, while also indicating the
conservation priorities for each biogeographical region of the Atlantic Forest. In
conclusion, we present our new and original ideas for conservation and discuss
the future prospects and predictions in this area.
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Palavras-chave
Priorização espacial , Mapas de extensão de ocorrência , Mudanças climáticas , Áreas protegidas , Planos dinâmicos de conservação , Diversidade funcional , Diversidade filogenética , Spatial prioritization , Extent of occurrence maps , Climate change , Protected areas , Dynamic conservation plans , Functional diversity , Phylogenetic diversity
Citação
Silva, Priscila Lemes de Azevedo. Prioridades para a conservação de anfíbios da Mata Atlântica. 2014.113 f . Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2014.