Relações hídricas e crescimento do pequizeiro irrigado e adubado
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2017-02-17
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The souari nut tree, native of the Brazilian Savannah, presents adaptation to the dry
season and to poor soils. However, it is believed that in conditions of absence of water deficit and
good soil fertility, the plant can develop better than in natural conditions, making commercial
cultivation possible. Thus, the present study had as objective to evaluate the water relations and the
growth of the souari nut trees in function of irrigation and organic fertilization. For this, 120 souari
nut trees (from the 6 to the 8 year-old), spaced at 5.0 x 5.0 m were used in a randomized block
experiment with six blocks and 16 plants per block, where four Treatments (IA: Irrigated and
fertilizated, IN: Irrigated and no-fertilizated, SA: no-irrigated and fertilizated, SN: no-irrigated and
no-fertilizated) in the scheme of subdivided plots. In Nov / 2014 the fertilization was of 12.5 kg of
organic composting and 1.0 kg of Yorim, and in Nov / 2015, 5 kg of bovine manure and 2.5 kg of
chicken manure per plant. The irrigation system used was a microsprinkler with a emitter per plant
(Pressure = 10 mca, q = 43 L h-1, wet radius = 2 m), whereby, during the dry season, an average of
116.95 and 92,24 L plant-1 day-1 were applied in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Water relations
evaluation consisted of foliar temperature monitoring (nov/2015 to jun/2016) and transpiration by
means of sap flow density (out/2015 to may/2016) in irrigated and non-irrigated plants. As growth
variables, the height and perimeter of the stem were evaluated monthly, crown area and root
density at 6.5 and 7.1 year-old, respectively. The results showed that when irrigated the leaf
temperature of the plant remains below the mean air temperature, regardless of the dry or rainy
period, while without irrigation the plant presents in water deficit during the dry season. In dry
conditions the mean perspiration of the souari nut tree is 24.09 L plant-1 day-1 and if irrigated on
average 42.29 L plant-1 day-1. In spite of water supply and fertilization, the plant does not respond
in growth in terms of height and stem perimeter. On the other hand, irrigation influences the
canopy area, providing trees with larger canopy areas. When irrigated the souari nut tree presents
distance and effective depth of the root system (80%) up to 2.00 m, and in dry conditions the roots
are horizontally closer to the plant up to 1.60 m, in depth also concentrate up to 2,00m.
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MIRANDA, R. F. Relações hídricas e crescimento do pequizeiro irrigado e adubado. 2017. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.