Desenvolvimento de teste rápido para diagnóstico de Hantavirose humana
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2017-04-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Human Hantavirosis is a serious lung disease caused by Hantavírus, pathogen that is
related mainly with wild rodents, insectivorous animals and small mammals (shrews,
moles and bats). In humans, the disease is called Hantavírus Cardiopulmonary
Syndrome (HCPS), which has high mortality rates (~ 50%). In Brazil, 1,871 cases of
HCPS have been confirmed, with 789 deaths between the years 1993 to 2016. The
symptoms in humans are not very characteristic in the initial stage, and very similar
to diseases such as Dengue and Yellow Fever, making it difficult to diagnose, with a
need of fast and accurate diagnostic methods for Hantaviruses. To assist in the
diagnosis of Hantavírus, we aim to develop a quick and simple test based on
immunochromatography. This paper presents results obtained with 3 prototypes of
tests compoused by a nitrocellulose membrane (NC) impregnated in the form of a
line with the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rN) Hantavírus-specific, as the
capture agent and another parallel line impregnated with protein A, as reaction
control. In the NC edges we have a sample zone composed of cellulose fiber and a
glass microfiber tape containing the anti-IgM antibodies and / or anti-human IgG
conjugated to colloidal gold and at the other end an absorption zone composed of
cellulose fiber. We evaluated 163 samples, among them, positive serum for
Hantavírus, Dengue, Mayaro, Oropouche, Yellow fever, Malaria (P. falciparum)
Malaria (P. vivax), Parvovirus B19, Rubella, HIV, Chikungunya and samples from
health donors. After several evaluations, the prototype for the detection of IgM and
IgG simultaneously, using the C concentration of protein rN, cutoff point 1 and
reading time of the results of 10 minutes was chosen, presenting 100% sensitivity,
99, 3% specificity, 90.9% VPP and 100% VPN. It is expected that the product of this
study helps in the diagnosis of severe cases of Hantavírus improving the prognosis of
patients and reducing the high rates of HCPS fatality, moreover, helping to promote
health by conducting epidemiological studies thereby promoting the construction of
strategies to prevent Hantavírus infection.
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GUIMARÃES, J. P. T. Desenvolvimento de teste rápido para diagnóstico de Hantavirose humana. 2017. 86 f.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Publica) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.