A microconstrução “pois não” no Português Brasileiro: construcionalização e expansão
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2017-05-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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This thesis aims to analyze, through a panchronic study, the uses of “pois não” in the perspective of the Grammar of Constructions in order to allocate it in a hierarchical constructional network and verify the source context of this microconstruction so recurrent in the Brazilian speech. A theoretical reference is made by Tomasello (2003), Croft and Cruse (2004), Langacker (2013), among others, with regard to cognitive language issues; Croft (2001), Goldberg (2006, 2013), Traugott (2008a), Bybee (2010), Traugott (2012) and Traugott and Trousdale (2013) for understanding general principles on constructional approaches; and Traugott and Trousdale (2013) and Diewald (2006a) to define the parameters of analysis. It is observed how occurred the process of change that resulted in the different uses of “pois não”, based on the analysis of Brazilian Portuguese spoken and written in the period of implementation of Brazilian Portuguese, which extends from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century (cf. MATTOS e SILVA, 2008). The oral and written contemporary language data are part of the Corpus of Portuguese (DAVIES and FERREIRA, 2006). It is relevant, in writing data, “pois não” used in dialogical sequences. The assumption is that the text with a more interactive character, due to its functional, structural and informational aspects, has a strong likelihood of being compared to the face-to-face conversation and, therefore, it is an excellent example of the language in use (PRETI, 2004). The initial parameters of analysis are based on the symbolic structure model of a Radical Construction Grammar proposed by Croft (2001); in the characteristics of construction dimensions (size, phonological specificity, concept), schematicity, productivity and compositionality factors, as proposed and understood by Traugott and Trousdale (2013); and in the mechanisms of (inter)subjectivity worked out by Traugott (2010). The postulates of the Functional Discursive Grammar, proposed by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), especially those related to the interpersonal level, serve as an auxiliary theoretical contribution. The research shows that the microconstruction “pois não”
manifests in the interpersonal level of the language the function of discursive marker. The results of the analyzes demonstrated the occurrence of more abstract constructs (less compositional) as from the 19th century. The process of implementation of these uses is related to the intersubjective mechanism, since the speaker when using “pois não” is attentive to the pragmatic attitudes and needs of the interlocutor. Through these findings, there was a need to resort to a theory that recognizes the interpersonal level as a level of grammar, so the Functional Discursive Grammar is used as complementary theory. Based on the description by Hengevald and Mackenzie (2008) on the interpersonal level, the semantic-pragmatic functions of “pois não” are distinguished in more intersubjectives contexts. Through the analysis of the contexts of change, as proposed by Diewald (2006a), it was verified that the microconstruction under study is the result of a grammatical constructionalization. Syntactic-semantic changes run along a path that starts from an atypical context in which the construction “pois” evidences loss of categorial property and ceases to act as a conjunction. Soon after, the change passes through the critical context in which “pois” loses its conclusive function and assumes discursive-pragmatic function. Finally, it reaches the isolated context, a phase marked by the loss of the semantic function of the negation of the construction “não” and the process of a chunking between the constructions “pois” and “não”, resulting in microconstruction “pois não” with innovative use which integrates a new node in the network of discursive markers, revealing a process of expansion.
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LÔBO, C. M. G. N. A microconstrução “pois não” no Português Brasileiro: construcionalização e expansão. 2017. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Letras e Linguística) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.