Método para fenotipagem de raiz e mapeamento associativo para tolerância à deficiência hídrica em arroz
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2017-03-27
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Climate change and its influence on agriculture have been a recurring theme at world leaders' meetings. Expected climate change to be accompanied by increases in temperature, periods of water restriction and changes in the biological cycle of pests and diseases. Perhaps there will be changes in agricultural geography, regions suitable for growing of the crops may become unfit. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) which is considered to be an important food source, but is sensitive to water restriction conditions, may be drastically affected by such changes. In this way, the aims of this study were: (i) evaluated the root system of the accessions of the upland rice; (ii) identify SNPs markers and associate then with the morphologic traits to early vigour in rice under water restriction. We evaluated a panel of rice diversity. In the first trial we evaluated 217 accessions on a phenotyping platform (Integrated System for Induced Drought Treatment - SITIS). This trial was conducted in 2014, under well water conditions, we evaluated the tiller number and different characteristics of root system (root length, root volume and Indices derived from the root length system) in two layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm). These traits were evaluated through non-invasive root scanner images. We observed that there was variability to root length and root volume besides there was accessions with well root system distribution in the two layers evaluated. Using the variables:𝐿𝑇1𝑃1 , α𝐿1, Δ𝐿𝑃1, Δ𝐿𝑃2, 𝐿𝑇1𝑃2 _𝑅𝐺 and NBT was possible to discriminate the accessions as well recover and describe the root system architecture. The second trial was conducted with a subset with 140 accessions (selected in previous years). This trial was conducted in the 2015 and 2016 in field conditions under two water conditions (well water and water restriction). The traits evaluated were: leaf number (NBL), tiller number (NBT), plant height (PH), length of blade (LLL), blade width (LLW) and shoot dry weight (SDW). These evaluations were done 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). At 30 DAS the plants were submitted to water restriction for 15 days. There was significant differences for the all traits evaluated. There was significant reduction in shoot dry weight (43%), plant height and blade width (18%). The traits evaluated were related to each other, the most of correlations there were low, however positive and significant. We identified 64 significant markers (p-value<0.05), however these markers were associated only the PH at 30 DAS and 45 DAS. The markers detected showed small effect explaining between 15 and 30% of the total phenotypic variation. Thus is connotative that the early vigour in rice is controlled by many genes of small effect. The locus identified as associated may improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying water deficit tolerance in rice. These can be used for marker assisted breeding.
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GUIMARÃES, P. H. R. Método para fenotipagem de raiz e mapeamento associativo para tolerância à deficiência hídrica em arroz. 2017. 130 f. Tese (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.