Efeitos cardiovasculares induzidos pela administração crônica de ativador da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 associada ao exercício aeróbio em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
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2016-03-11
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Physical training has been cited as an effective non-pharmacological treatment in the control of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is a potential therapeutic tool which enhances the catalytic effect of ACE2 of the renin-angiotensin system and, as a final product, can increase the concentrations of angiotensin (1-7). In turn, angiotensin (1-7) is able to interact with MAS receptor and promote opposite effects to the vasoconstrictor, proliferative and hypertrophic axis of ANG II (ACE-ANG II AT1-) promoting vasodilator, antiproliferative and anti-hypertrophic effects. However, little is known about the association between exercise and antihypertensive drugs. This study sought to determine the effects of aerobic training on a treadmill associated with DIZE administration on cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Therefore, SHR rats at 12 weeks of age were used. One group was underwent to eight weeks of training on a treadmill (T). Another group remained without physical activity (S). On the last 15 days of training, the animals were redistributed into four groups: S and T animals receiving DIZE (1 mg / kg, i.g.; D1) or distilled water (vehicle; V) by gavage. Tail plethysmography was performed throughout the treatment. At the end of the treatment, the animals were anesthetized 2-3% halotana (Cristália Ltda, Brazil) and surgery cannulation (femoral artery and vein) and implant ECG electrode were performed. After 24 hours, the animals were subjected to the PAP, MAP, ECG and HR records before and after pharmacological stimulation to obtain the baroreflex index (BI; Phenylephrine 2 mg / kg) and double autonomic blockade (Atropine 4 mg / kg; metoprolol 2 mg / kg). We observed that aerobic training is not effective in causing hypotension in the trained animals (T, from 196.3 ± 3.0 to 198.7 mm Hg ± 2.3 mm Hg; Figure 5A) compared to sedentary group (S: from 195.9 ± 3.2 to 197.5 ± 4.6 mm Hg; Figure 5A). However, we can observe bradycardia in the trained group compared to the sedentary group, since the first two weeks (T: n = 15, 370.2 ± 4.7 vs. S: n = 15, 388.1 ± 5.1 bpm; p <0.05) until the end of the training (T: 367.0 ± 3.8 vs. S: 395.8 ± 6.1 mmHg, p <0.05). In all, after treatment with DIZE it was observed a decrease in the SBP of the trained group that received DIZE in relation to the trained group receiving vehicle (T + D1 n = 6 186.4 ± 5.5 vs. T + V n = 9 199.4 ± 4.2 mmHg, p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference between both groups sedentary (S + V: n = 8, 198.2 ± 4.9 vs. S + D1: n = 7, 185.0 ± 6.0 mmHg) and, between sedentary and trained groups that received treatment with DIZE (S + D1: 185.0 ± 6.0 vs. T D1 +: 186.4 ± 5.5 mmHg). Moreover, we observed reduction in SBP of the trained group that received DIZE against the trained group receiving vehicle (T + D1: n = 6, 186.4 ± 5.5 vs. T + V: n = 9, 199.4 ± 4.2 mmHg, p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in this parameter between both sedentary groups (S + V: n = 8, 198.2 ± 4.9 vs. S + D1: n = 7, 185.0 ± 6.0 mmHg). It was evidenced improvement of IB in T + D1 animals (-1.15 ± 0.16 02 bpm / mmHg, p <0.05) when compared to other groups (S + V: -0.70 ± 0.03; S + D1: -0.77 ± 0.02; T + V: -0.98 ± 0.02 bpm / mm Hg). We also observed an reduction in IHR rats T + D1 (bpm 334.8 ± 4.8; p <0.05) compared with T + V (353.5 ± 7.4 beats per minute) or S + D1 (353.7 ± 7.4 beats per minute) groups. Together the results demonstrate that physical exercise on a treadmill was effective in promoting rest bradycardia. Furthermore the association of physical training and DIZE potentiate bradycardia, reduced SBP and intrinsic HR and even improved baroreflex sensitivity in SHR. Finally, it is concluded that the association of physical activity with the activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improves the cardiovascular system in SHR.
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LOPES, Paulo Ricardo. Efeitos cardiovasculares induzidos pela administração crônica de ativador da enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 associada ao exercício aeróbio em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos. 2016. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016.