Padrões de variação de tamanho corporal e de distribuição geográfica são métodos-dependente em serpentes viperídeas do Novo Mundo
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2018-03-14
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Traditionally, ecologists and biogeographers have been interested in ecogeographical patterns
with increasing demand over the last years. Bergmann´s and Rapoport´s rules are two of the
most debated ecogeographical patterns, which propose increasing in species body size and
range size, respectively, with latitudes. However, whether such rules widely apply to reptiles
remains unclear. Moreover, there might be uncertainty regarding the method used to obtain
species geographical range that might change our perception of such patterns. Here we tested
different hypotheses regarding Bergmann’s and Rapoport’s rules using the New World Pit
vipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) as biological model, as well as analyzed the robustness of
different methods to obtain species geographical range and evaluated both ecogeographical
patterns using different approaches. We gathered occurrence data for the 136 Crotalinae
species and generated geographical ranges by building polygons from Alpha Hull method and
Ecological Niche Modelling. We assessed both rules using a ‘cross-species’ and an
‘assemblage’ approach. The former considers each species as an independent data, whereas
the latter consider each assemblage (i.e. a grid cell) to be an independent data. We used
Phylogenetic Least Squares (PGLS) and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) to evaluate the
cross-species and the assemblage pattern, respectively. The former considers the
phylogenetic independence of the data as the latter the geographic autocorrelation and both
provide unbiased coefficients and significance levels. Our results show that Bergmann’s rule
did not occur in the cross-species level, whereas it was statistically significant in the
assemblage level regardless of the method used to obtain range size. We found support for
Rapoport’s rule in the cross-species level regardless of the method used to generate range
size. Meanwhile, the assemblage analysis was not robust methodologically, revealing different
ecogeographical patterns depending on the method used to generate species geographical
range. Our findings point that there are inconsistences between the patterns observed in the
cross-species and the assemblage analysis, which could indicate that different processes
producing these patterns in the cross-species and assemblage levels. Finally, our results
highlight that this sensibility is especially evident in Rapoport’s rule assemblage analysis and
that when evaluating this pattern in assemblage level the method that will be used to obtain
species geographical range should be carefully chosen.
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TEN CATEN, C. Padrões de variação de tamanho corporal e de distribuição geográfica são métodos-dependente em serpentes viperídeas do Novo Mundo. 2018. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.