Bioprospecção de bactérias quitinolíticas e caracterização da atividade da enzima quitinase
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2018-04-12
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Bioprospecting is defined as the search for organisms, genes, enzymes, compounds, processes and
any pieces from living beings, that could have economic potential, and eventually lead to a product
development. Thus, enzymes, protein catalysts, have aroused the interest of industries for its
conversion mode specific biomass, low energy cost and not production of toxic waste. Chitinases
are enzymes that catalyze the lysis of chitin (biopolymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine
monomers), and thus have several applications, among them: obtaining N-acetylglucosamine
monomers, used in the production of prebiotics; degradation of chitinous waste from fishing
activities; and the use in control of fungi and insects. The present work aimed to bioprospect
chitinase producing bacteria from soil samples and to characterize the enzymatic activity patterns
of the best bacterial isolate. To do so, a screening with 17 soil samples collected in the states of
Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out using a culture medium with
colloidal chitin. Thirteen chitinase producing bacteria were obtained, among them, the isolate Q1
(identified as Paenibacillus illinoisensis), demonstrated to be a good producer of the enzyme and
thus was selected for determination and optimization of its chitinase activity evaluating reaction
time, temperature and pH. The chitinase produced by the isolate showed 0.098 U of activity, which
was subsequently improved to 0.66 U when tested under the optimal conditions of 1 hour of
reaction at 37 ºC and pH 4, an increase of 573% over the initial value. The values of chitinase
activity from the isolate P. illinoisensis are close to those found in other studies, which also
emphasize the potential application of the enzyme, mainly in the control of phytopathogenic pests.
Bioprospecting of chitinase producing bacteria is possible and promising.
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ALEXANDRE, A. R. S. Bioprospecção de bactérias quitinolíticas e caracterização da atividade da enzima quitinase. 2018. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Biologia Molecular) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.