Padrões e processos na organização de assembleias de aves insulares
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2017-04-20
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The diversity of species naturally inhabiting an insular location is ultimately snapeO Uy tne
combined processes of colonization, speciation and extinction, and firstly by the set of
environmental, ecological, historical and evolutionary factors that determine the interchange of
these processes. However, the diversity of species currently inhabiting many islands around the
globe is also shaped by the introduction process. Using the functional traits and phylogenetic
relationships of bird species, we investigated how different natural and anthropogenic mechanisms
have shaped the species diversity on different continental and oceanic islands distributed around
the globe. In the first chapter, rve investigated whether the species introduction compensates for the
ecological and evolutionary information lost following the species extinction. In general, we found
that introduced species have ecological roles and evolutionary histories different from extinct
species. This means that introductions truly do not compensate for extinctions. In the second
chapter, we investigated whether biogeographic, environmental and anthropogenic factors can
explain the proportion of introduced bird species across different islands, and what the impact of
these introductions on the functional and phylogenetic diversity of assemblages. We found that the
proportion of introduced bird species is negatively mediated by the native species richness, and
positively by the human population size found across the islands. In addition, we found that the
ecological selectivity observed in introductions of bird species has decreased the mean functional
diversity, but not the mean phylogenetic diversity, among species occurring across the insular
assemblages. This shows that ecological patterns do not always reflect evolutionary patterns
observed among species. Finally, in the third chapter we accessed the functional distance among
visitor bird species and resident bird species to investigate the colonization success of insulai
locations. We found that when species occur as visitors across the islands, they show a higher
functional distance to the nearest resident species than when they occur as residents. This indicites
that the failure in the colonization process of insular locations increases with the functional
distance to the nearest resident species, which corroborates the pre-adaptation to the environment
hypothesis.
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SOBRAL, Fernando Landa. Padrões e processos na organização de assembleias de aves insulares. 2017. 133 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017.