Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em escolares
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2018-07-06
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
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Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) can begin in childhood subtly and last until
adulthood, they may be present in an isolated or grouped form in the same individual, and thus
increase cardiovascular risk. One of the most present CRF is obesity, especially abdominal obesity,
which is strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary instruments of
easy access for the tracking of the cardiovascular risk in childhood. In the literature studies on CRF
in children are still incipient and need to be better understood, especially in the state of Goiás.
Objective: To analyze the cardiovascular risk factors grouped in preschool and school children in
the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás. Method: An epidemiological study was carried out, with a
cross-sectional study and a case-control study, in the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás, with students
from 4 to 11 years of age enrolled in the public network. Anthropometric data (body mass index -
BMI and waist circumference - WC), resting blood pressure (BP), fasting glycemia and lipid
profile (high density lipoprotein HDL, low density lipoprotein LDL) were collected and evaluated,
triglycerides - TG and total cholesterol - TC), besides the level of physical activity. Grouped CRFs
were considered when the same individual had equal or more than 3 altered indicators. To verify
the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed. Initially, data were
analyzed for mean, standard deviation and frequency. The comparison of means between the
groups was performed by Student's t-test for independent samples or Mann Whitney. The
association between the variables (anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic) were evaluated
by the Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation analysis between the absolute values of the
variables indicative of the FRC was used the Spearman correlation, Regression analysis Binary
Logistics to identify significant predictors for outcome: cardiovascular risk factors grouped and
isolated. For all tests the significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: Of the 158 schoolchildren
evaluated, 24.7% were overweight and 29.7% were abdominal adiposity. The prevalence of arterial
hypertension was 11.4% and dyslipidemia 72.8%, only glycemia was identified within normal
values for all children. The comparative analysis of CRF indicated association of BMI, MC and
SBP in both preschoolers and schoolchildren with increased CD, in addition to higher PAD and TG
values in students with increased CD. Positive and significant correlation was still found between
CC values and SBP and DBP values for all children. In addition, the results of binary logistic
regression showed that school-aged children with increased CD were 1.10 times more likely to
present clustering risk factors. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent CRF among
preschoolers and schoolchildren, followed by abdominal adiposity and excess body weight. In the
group of children evaluated, abdominal adiposity directly influenced blood pressure values in both
groups and in triglyceride values in schoolchildren. CC was able to predict CRF in only the older
group of children.
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SILVA, Diego Alves da. Prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em escolares. 2018. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2018.