Qualidade de sementes de soja e incidência de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib) de Bary em função do beneficiamento e armazenamento
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2012-06-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is considered the worldwide leader in oilseed
production and consumption, and currently the main source of vegetable protein available.
In the field, the crop is infected by a large number of diseases. Among the fungal diseases,
the white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, has emerged as one of
the most serious, affecting the quality of seed, which can also be influenced by processing
and storage. The pathogen survives in soil through resistance structures (sclerotia) and can
attack more than 400 host species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical
and physiological quality and S. sclerotiorum incidence of soybean seeds during
processing and six months after in cold and dry storage and environment conditions. Seeds
from eight cultivars, coming from production fields, naturally infested with S.
sclerotiorum, located in Vianópolis, Silvânia, Luziânia and Orizona in the State of Goiás,
in the seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 were studied. Samples were collected at each
stage of processing: in the hopper (reception), after pre-cleaning, discard one (precleaning),
after cleaning, after the sieve classifiers (three sieve sizes), after the spiral (three
sieve sizes), after gravity table (three sizes of sieve) and final disposal, totalizing 14
samples. The following analysis were done: moisture content, physical purity, germination
and tetrazolium test, and tests for S. sclerotiorum detection in rolled paper and Neon
method. PCA analysis was performed and Pearson correlations study between the averages
of the variables in processing stages for each cultivar. Processing improves physical and
physiological quality of soybean seeds, which is efficient for S. sclerotiorum control,
eliminating the sclerotia associated to the seeds and reducing the amount of inoculum that
could return to the planting area. Physical purity, germination, viability and vigor are
positively correlated together and negatively with the mass of sclerotia. Processing also
reduces significantly the inoculum potential in the mycelial form of S. sclerotiorum in the
seeds. Storage does not influence the incidence of S. sclerotiorum in mycelial form in
seeds, which can increase or not during this period, regardless the storage conditions, in a
cold and dry storage or in environment condition.
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Teles, Héria de Freitas. Qualidade de sementes de soja e incidência de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib) de Bary em função do beneficiamento e armazenamento. 2012. 182 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2012.