Estudo da extração e purificação de ficocianina e aloficocianina da biomassa de Arthrospira platensis
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2018-08-29
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Universidade Federal de Goiás
Resumo
The growing interest in bioactive compounds from renewable natural sources has stimulated
more and more studies aimed at increasing the supply of this market. An example is
phycobiliproteins, dyes used in various areas, such as food, pharmacological and cosmetic.
The microalgae arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is one of the organisms that stands
out most in the production of these dyes, producing allophycocyanin and phycocyanin; these
two dyes are the ones that today have more demand in the market. These proteins have their
application determined from their degree of purity obtained with the absorbance ratio read at
620 nm of the extract used for the absorbance read at 280 nm. For use of these dyes, in the
food area, a purity value greater than 0.7 should be obtained, and for use in the analytical
area, the purity should be greater than 4.0. In view of the importance of these dyes and their
degree of purity, in order to develop means of obtaining phycobiliproteins in a purity
satisfactory for use in food industries, phase separation techniques were used in aqueous
biphasic systems (ABS) to evaluate the action of pH, phosphate salt concentration and the
concentration of low chlorine content cationic polymer and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG
4000) on the efficiency of the extraction and purification process of Spirulina crude extract
and also in the pre-purified extract of phycocyanin obtained by centrifugation. For this, a first
experiment was carried out using a factorial design 2 4 to evaluate the variables that most
influenced the extraction and purification of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and purity of the
extract. Values of 2.6 mg.mL -1 were reached for phycocyanin concentration, 1.4 mg.mL -1 for
the allophycocyanin concentration and 1.6 for the purity of the extract. The significance of the
PEG 4000 and PBC polymers was observed for extraction and purification of phycobiliproteins.
Then, a second design was carried out, a Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) 2 2 ,
fixing the phosphate salt, pH and varying the PEG and low chlorine content cationic polymer
concentrations. At the end of the extraction, it was possible to find concentrations of 2.7
mg.mL -1 for Phycocyanin, 1.3 mg.mL -1 of allophycocyanin and 2.5 for the purity of the extract,
evidencing that the techniques used are effective for the extraction process and purification of
phycobiliproteins, in which the levels achieved allow their use and application in food industry.
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CAETANO, R. K. M. Estudo da extração e purificação de ficocianina e aloficocianina da biomassa de Arthrospira platensis. 2018. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia,
2018.